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Host-symbiont stress response to lack-of-sulfide in the giant ciliate mutualism

The mutualism between the thioautotrophic bacterial ectosymbiont Candidatus Thiobius zoothamnicola and the giant ciliate Zoothamnium niveum thrives in a variety of shallow-water marine environments with highly fluctuating sulfide emissions. To persist over time, both partners must reproduce and ensu...

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Autores principales: Espada-Hinojosa, Salvador, Drexel, Judith, Kesting, Julia, Kniha, Edwin, Pifeas, Iason, Schuster, Lukas, Volland, Jean-Marie, Zambalos, Helena C., Bright, Monika
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8880863/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35213532
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254910
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author Espada-Hinojosa, Salvador
Drexel, Judith
Kesting, Julia
Kniha, Edwin
Pifeas, Iason
Schuster, Lukas
Volland, Jean-Marie
Zambalos, Helena C.
Bright, Monika
author_facet Espada-Hinojosa, Salvador
Drexel, Judith
Kesting, Julia
Kniha, Edwin
Pifeas, Iason
Schuster, Lukas
Volland, Jean-Marie
Zambalos, Helena C.
Bright, Monika
author_sort Espada-Hinojosa, Salvador
collection PubMed
description The mutualism between the thioautotrophic bacterial ectosymbiont Candidatus Thiobius zoothamnicola and the giant ciliate Zoothamnium niveum thrives in a variety of shallow-water marine environments with highly fluctuating sulfide emissions. To persist over time, both partners must reproduce and ensure the transmission of symbionts before the sulfide stops, which enables carbon fixation of the symbiont and nourishment of the host. We experimentally investigated the response of this mutualism to depletion of sulfide. We found that colonies released some initially present but also newly produced macrozooids until death, but in fewer numbers than when exposed to sulfide. The symbionts on the colonies proliferated less without sulfide, and became larger and more rod-shaped than symbionts from freshly collected colonies that were exposed to sulfide and oxygen. The symbiotic monolayer was severely disturbed by growth of other microbes and loss of symbionts. We conclude that the response of both partners to the termination of sulfide emission was remarkably quick. The development and the release of swarmers continued until host died and thus this behavior contributed to the continuation of the association.
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spelling pubmed-88808632022-02-26 Host-symbiont stress response to lack-of-sulfide in the giant ciliate mutualism Espada-Hinojosa, Salvador Drexel, Judith Kesting, Julia Kniha, Edwin Pifeas, Iason Schuster, Lukas Volland, Jean-Marie Zambalos, Helena C. Bright, Monika PLoS One Research Article The mutualism between the thioautotrophic bacterial ectosymbiont Candidatus Thiobius zoothamnicola and the giant ciliate Zoothamnium niveum thrives in a variety of shallow-water marine environments with highly fluctuating sulfide emissions. To persist over time, both partners must reproduce and ensure the transmission of symbionts before the sulfide stops, which enables carbon fixation of the symbiont and nourishment of the host. We experimentally investigated the response of this mutualism to depletion of sulfide. We found that colonies released some initially present but also newly produced macrozooids until death, but in fewer numbers than when exposed to sulfide. The symbionts on the colonies proliferated less without sulfide, and became larger and more rod-shaped than symbionts from freshly collected colonies that were exposed to sulfide and oxygen. The symbiotic monolayer was severely disturbed by growth of other microbes and loss of symbionts. We conclude that the response of both partners to the termination of sulfide emission was remarkably quick. The development and the release of swarmers continued until host died and thus this behavior contributed to the continuation of the association. Public Library of Science 2022-02-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8880863/ /pubmed/35213532 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254910 Text en © 2022 Espada-Hinojosa et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Espada-Hinojosa, Salvador
Drexel, Judith
Kesting, Julia
Kniha, Edwin
Pifeas, Iason
Schuster, Lukas
Volland, Jean-Marie
Zambalos, Helena C.
Bright, Monika
Host-symbiont stress response to lack-of-sulfide in the giant ciliate mutualism
title Host-symbiont stress response to lack-of-sulfide in the giant ciliate mutualism
title_full Host-symbiont stress response to lack-of-sulfide in the giant ciliate mutualism
title_fullStr Host-symbiont stress response to lack-of-sulfide in the giant ciliate mutualism
title_full_unstemmed Host-symbiont stress response to lack-of-sulfide in the giant ciliate mutualism
title_short Host-symbiont stress response to lack-of-sulfide in the giant ciliate mutualism
title_sort host-symbiont stress response to lack-of-sulfide in the giant ciliate mutualism
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8880863/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35213532
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254910
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