The Effects of Prostaglandin E(2) Treatment on the Secretory Function of Mare Corpus Luteum Depends on the Site of Application: An in vivo Study

We examined the effect of prostaglandin (PG) E(2) on the secretory function of equine corpus luteum (CL), according to the application site: intra-CL injection vs. an intrauterine (intra-U) administration. Moreover, the effect of intra-CL injection vs. intra-U administration of both luteotropic factors: PGE(2) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) as a positive control, on CL function was additionally compared. Mares were assigned to the groups (n = 6 per group): (1) an intra-CL saline injection (control); (2) an intra-CL injection of PGE(2) (5 mg/ml); (3) an intra-CL injection of hCG (1,500 IU/ml); (4) an intra-U saline administration (control); (5) an intra-U administration of PGE(2) (5 mg/5 ml); (6) an intra-U administration of hCG (1,500 IU/5 ml). Progesterone (P(4)) and PGE(2) concentrations were measured in blood plasma samples collected at −2, −1, and 0 (pre-treatment), and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 h after treatments. Moreover, effects of different doses of PGE(2) application on the concentration of total PGF(2α) (PGF(2α) and its main metabolite 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F(2α)– PGFM) was determined. The time point of PGE(2), hCG, or saline administration was defined as hour “0” of the experiment. An intra-CL injection of PGE(2) increased P(4) and PGE(2) concentrations between 3 and 4 h or at 3 and 12 h, respectively (p < 0.05). While intra-U administration of PGE(2) elevated P(4) concentrations between 8 and 24 h, PGE(2) was upregulated at 1 h and between 3 and 4 h (p < 0.05). An intra-CL injection of hCG increased P(4) concentrations at 1, 6, and 12 h (p < 0.05), while its intra-U administration enhanced P(4) and PGE(2) concentrations between 1 and 12 h or at 3 h and between 6 and 10 h, respectively (p < 0.05). An application of PGE(2), dependently on the dose, supports equine CL function, regardless of the application site, consequently leading to differences in both P(4) and PGE(2) concentrations in blood plasma.