Eco-Friendly Synthesis of MnO(2) Nanorods Using Gmelina arborea Fruit Extract and Its Anticancer Potency Against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line

INTRODUCTION: Cancer disease is known due to its unregulated proliferation of cells that have evolved from the body’s regular cells. The disease develops as a result of epigenetic and genetic modifications, tumor suppressor gene inactivation, and oncogene activation. The present work describes an environmentally benign approach for the synthesis of manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO(2) NPs) using Gmelina arborea fruit extract (GAE) in an aqueous medium. METHODS: The study evaluated the formation of MnO(2) NPs and their anticancer efficacy against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. RESULTS: The formation of MnO(2) NPs was confirmed through powder X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The crystalline nature of as-prepared MnO(2) NPs was evident from XRD pattern. The morphology of the material was studied using SEM analysis, which suggested a rod-like nature with an average diameter of 50 nm. Further, the TEM and HR-TEM images confirmed the rod shape of the as-prepared MnO2 NPs with an interplanar distance of 0.271 nm. In addition, the concentric rings from selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis show the crystalline nature of the as-prepared material, which further supports the obtained XRD pattern. The anticancer efficacy of MnO(2) NPs was evaluated against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, which showed up to 96% inhibition of the cells at 400 µg/mL concentration. CONCLUSION: Bio-conjugation of MnO(2) NPs can provide enough scope for the therapeutic use of Gmelina arborea, assuming appropriate mechanistic evaluations are conducted.