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Analysis of normal levels of free glycosaminoglycans in urine and plasma in adults

Plasma and urine glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are long, linear sulfated polysaccharides that have been proposed as potential noninvasive biomarkers for several diseases. However, owing to the analytical complexity associated with the measurement of GAG concentration and disaccharide composition (the so...

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Autores principales: Bratulic, Sinisa, Limeta, Angelo, Maccari, Francesca, Galeotti, Fabio, Volpi, Nicola, Levin, Max, Nielsen, Jens, Gatto, Francesco
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8888457/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35007531
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101575
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author Bratulic, Sinisa
Limeta, Angelo
Maccari, Francesca
Galeotti, Fabio
Volpi, Nicola
Levin, Max
Nielsen, Jens
Gatto, Francesco
author_facet Bratulic, Sinisa
Limeta, Angelo
Maccari, Francesca
Galeotti, Fabio
Volpi, Nicola
Levin, Max
Nielsen, Jens
Gatto, Francesco
author_sort Bratulic, Sinisa
collection PubMed
description Plasma and urine glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are long, linear sulfated polysaccharides that have been proposed as potential noninvasive biomarkers for several diseases. However, owing to the analytical complexity associated with the measurement of GAG concentration and disaccharide composition (the so-called GAGome), a reference study of the normal healthy GAGome is currently missing. Here, we prospectively enrolled 308 healthy adults and analyzed their free GAGomes in urine and plasma using a standardized ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry method together with comprehensive demographic and blood chemistry biomarker data. Of 25 blood chemistry biomarkers, we mainly observed weak correlations between the free GAGome and creatinine in urine and hemoglobin or erythrocyte counts in plasma. We found a higher free GAGome concentration – but not a more diverse composition - in males. Partitioned by gender, we also established reference intervals for all detectable free GAGome features in urine and plasma. Finally, we carried out a transference analysis in healthy individuals from two distinct geographical sites, including data from the Lifelines Cohort Study, which validated the reference intervals in urine. Our study is the first large-scale determination of normal free GAGomes reference intervals in plasma and urine and represents a critical resource for future physiology and biomarker research.
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spelling pubmed-88884572022-03-07 Analysis of normal levels of free glycosaminoglycans in urine and plasma in adults Bratulic, Sinisa Limeta, Angelo Maccari, Francesca Galeotti, Fabio Volpi, Nicola Levin, Max Nielsen, Jens Gatto, Francesco J Biol Chem Methods and Resources Plasma and urine glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are long, linear sulfated polysaccharides that have been proposed as potential noninvasive biomarkers for several diseases. However, owing to the analytical complexity associated with the measurement of GAG concentration and disaccharide composition (the so-called GAGome), a reference study of the normal healthy GAGome is currently missing. Here, we prospectively enrolled 308 healthy adults and analyzed their free GAGomes in urine and plasma using a standardized ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry method together with comprehensive demographic and blood chemistry biomarker data. Of 25 blood chemistry biomarkers, we mainly observed weak correlations between the free GAGome and creatinine in urine and hemoglobin or erythrocyte counts in plasma. We found a higher free GAGome concentration – but not a more diverse composition - in males. Partitioned by gender, we also established reference intervals for all detectable free GAGome features in urine and plasma. Finally, we carried out a transference analysis in healthy individuals from two distinct geographical sites, including data from the Lifelines Cohort Study, which validated the reference intervals in urine. Our study is the first large-scale determination of normal free GAGomes reference intervals in plasma and urine and represents a critical resource for future physiology and biomarker research. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2022-01-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8888457/ /pubmed/35007531 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101575 Text en © 2022 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Methods and Resources
Bratulic, Sinisa
Limeta, Angelo
Maccari, Francesca
Galeotti, Fabio
Volpi, Nicola
Levin, Max
Nielsen, Jens
Gatto, Francesco
Analysis of normal levels of free glycosaminoglycans in urine and plasma in adults
title Analysis of normal levels of free glycosaminoglycans in urine and plasma in adults
title_full Analysis of normal levels of free glycosaminoglycans in urine and plasma in adults
title_fullStr Analysis of normal levels of free glycosaminoglycans in urine and plasma in adults
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of normal levels of free glycosaminoglycans in urine and plasma in adults
title_short Analysis of normal levels of free glycosaminoglycans in urine and plasma in adults
title_sort analysis of normal levels of free glycosaminoglycans in urine and plasma in adults
topic Methods and Resources
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8888457/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35007531
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101575
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