Women have higher levels of CoQ(10) than men when supplemented with a single dose of CoQ(10) with monoglycerides omega-3 or rice oil and followed for 48 h: a crossover randomised triple blind controlled study

Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)), a lipid involved in ATP synthesis, exhibits very limited oral absorption, and its endogenous production decreases with ageing and with the occurrence of oxidative stress. Our group previously showed that monoglycerides omega-3 (MAG-OM3) increase OM3 plasma concentrations. Since CoQ(10) is liposoluble, we hypothesised that its 48 h pharmacokinetics is higher when provided with MAG-OM3 compared to CoQ(10) alone (in powder form) or added to rice oil (a neutral triacylglycerol oil). A randomised triple-blind crossover study was performed with fifteen men and fifteen women consuming the three supplements providing 200 mg of CoQ(10) in a random order. Blood samples were collected before (t = 0) and 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 24 and 48 h after the supplement intake. Plasma total CoQ(10) concentrations were analysed on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS). Participants were 26⋅1 ± 4⋅8 years old. When CoQ(10) was provided with rice or MAG-OM3 oils, the 48 h area under the curve (AUC 0–48 h) was approximately two times higher compared to when provided without an oil. The delta max concentration (ΔC(max)) of plasma CoQ(10) was, respectively, 2 (MAG-OM3) and 2⋅5 (rice oil) times higher compared to CoQ(10) alone. There was a significant sex by treatment interaction (P = 0⋅0250) for the AUC 0–6 h supporting that in postprandial, men and women do not respond the same way to the different supplement. Women had a higher CoQ(10) concentration 48 h after the single-dose intake compared to men. We conclude that CoQ(10) supplements must be provided with lipids, and their kinetics is different between men and women.