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Trends of and factors associated with access to residential toilets among the middle-aged and elderly in rural China from 2011 to 2018
BACKGROUND: At the global and country levels, several important sanitation improvement initiatives were launched in the last decade. This study aimed to explore the temporal trend of and factors associated with access to residential toilets among the middle-aged and elderly in rural China from 2011...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8889666/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35236327 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12739-3 |
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author | Wang, Qun Cao, Huiyuan Zhang, Shuo |
author_facet | Wang, Qun Cao, Huiyuan Zhang, Shuo |
author_sort | Wang, Qun |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: At the global and country levels, several important sanitation improvement initiatives were launched in the last decade. This study aimed to explore the temporal trend of and factors associated with access to residential toilets among the middle-aged and elderly in rural China from 2011 to 2018. METHODS: This study used the 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018 data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). CHARLS was conducted among adults aged ≥ 45 years in 28 provinces of China. We used descriptive statistics and logistic regressions for data analysis. RESULTS: We found that residential toilet coverage increased by about 6% among population aged ≥ 45 years in rural China from 2011 to 2018. The coverage of flushable toilets and toilets with seats among this sector of the population increased by more than 10% during this period. We also found that being female, higher levels of education, higher annual per capita household consumption, having running water in the residence, larger household size, and better health status were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of residential toilet ownership among population aged ≥ 45 years in rural China. CONCLUSIONS: China made progress in sanitation improvement in rural areas from 2011 to 2018. However, considering the current coverage levels of residential toilets and the vulnerable subgroups who are more prone to toilet deprivation in rural areas, we suggest to the government to implement further targeted toilet improvement interventions to ensure universal coverage of sanitation facilities for the whole of the Chinese population. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-12739-3. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8889666 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88896662022-03-09 Trends of and factors associated with access to residential toilets among the middle-aged and elderly in rural China from 2011 to 2018 Wang, Qun Cao, Huiyuan Zhang, Shuo BMC Public Health Research Article BACKGROUND: At the global and country levels, several important sanitation improvement initiatives were launched in the last decade. This study aimed to explore the temporal trend of and factors associated with access to residential toilets among the middle-aged and elderly in rural China from 2011 to 2018. METHODS: This study used the 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018 data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). CHARLS was conducted among adults aged ≥ 45 years in 28 provinces of China. We used descriptive statistics and logistic regressions for data analysis. RESULTS: We found that residential toilet coverage increased by about 6% among population aged ≥ 45 years in rural China from 2011 to 2018. The coverage of flushable toilets and toilets with seats among this sector of the population increased by more than 10% during this period. We also found that being female, higher levels of education, higher annual per capita household consumption, having running water in the residence, larger household size, and better health status were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of residential toilet ownership among population aged ≥ 45 years in rural China. CONCLUSIONS: China made progress in sanitation improvement in rural areas from 2011 to 2018. However, considering the current coverage levels of residential toilets and the vulnerable subgroups who are more prone to toilet deprivation in rural areas, we suggest to the government to implement further targeted toilet improvement interventions to ensure universal coverage of sanitation facilities for the whole of the Chinese population. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-12739-3. BioMed Central 2022-03-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8889666/ /pubmed/35236327 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12739-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Wang, Qun Cao, Huiyuan Zhang, Shuo Trends of and factors associated with access to residential toilets among the middle-aged and elderly in rural China from 2011 to 2018 |
title | Trends of and factors associated with access to residential toilets among the middle-aged and elderly in rural China from 2011 to 2018 |
title_full | Trends of and factors associated with access to residential toilets among the middle-aged and elderly in rural China from 2011 to 2018 |
title_fullStr | Trends of and factors associated with access to residential toilets among the middle-aged and elderly in rural China from 2011 to 2018 |
title_full_unstemmed | Trends of and factors associated with access to residential toilets among the middle-aged and elderly in rural China from 2011 to 2018 |
title_short | Trends of and factors associated with access to residential toilets among the middle-aged and elderly in rural China from 2011 to 2018 |
title_sort | trends of and factors associated with access to residential toilets among the middle-aged and elderly in rural china from 2011 to 2018 |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8889666/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35236327 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12739-3 |
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