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Nipah Virus Outbreak in Kerala State, India Amidst of COVID-19 Pandemic

We report here a Nipah virus (NiV) outbreak in Kozhikode district of Kerala state, India, which had caused fatal encephalitis in a 12-year-old boy and the outbreak response, which led to the successful containment of the disease and the related investigations. Quantitative real-time reverse transcri...

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Autores principales: Yadav, Pragya D., Sahay, Rima R., Balakrishnan, Anukumar, Mohandas, Sreelekshmy, Radhakrishnan, Chandni, Gokhale, Mangesh D., Balasubramanian, R., Abraham, Priya, Gupta, Nivedita, Sugunan, A. P., Khobragade, Rajan, George, Kalpana, Shete, Anita, Patil, Savita, Thankappan, Ullas Padinjaremattathil, Dighe, Hitesh, Koshy, Jijo, Vijay, Vivek, Gayathri, R., Kumar, P. Jayesh, Rahim, Asma, Naveen, A., Nair, Sarala, Rajendran, V. R., Jayasree, V., Majumdar, Triparna, Jain, Rajlaxmi, Viswanathan, Prasanth, Patil, Deepak Y., Kumar, Abhinendra, Nyayanit, Dimpal A., Sarkale, Prasad, Waghmare, Ashwini, Baradkar, Shrikant, Gawande, Pranita, Bodke, Poonam, Kalele, Kaumudi, Yemul, Jyoti, Dhaigude, Sachin, Holepannawar, Manjunath, Gopale, Sanjay, Chopade, Ganesh, Ray, Shilpa, Waghmare, Priyanka, Narayan, Jitendra, Mathapati, Basavaraj, Kadam, Manoj, Kumar, Abhimanyu, Suryawanshi, Annasaheb, Jose, Beena Philomina, Sivadas, Saritha, Akash, N. P., Vimisha, T. V., Keerthi, K. V.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8891450/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35252095
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.818545
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author Yadav, Pragya D.
Sahay, Rima R.
Balakrishnan, Anukumar
Mohandas, Sreelekshmy
Radhakrishnan, Chandni
Gokhale, Mangesh D.
Balasubramanian, R.
Abraham, Priya
Gupta, Nivedita
Sugunan, A. P.
Khobragade, Rajan
George, Kalpana
Shete, Anita
Patil, Savita
Thankappan, Ullas Padinjaremattathil
Dighe, Hitesh
Koshy, Jijo
Vijay, Vivek
Gayathri, R.
Kumar, P. Jayesh
Rahim, Asma
Naveen, A.
Nair, Sarala
Rajendran, V. R.
Jayasree, V.
Majumdar, Triparna
Jain, Rajlaxmi
Viswanathan, Prasanth
Patil, Deepak Y.
Kumar, Abhinendra
Nyayanit, Dimpal A.
Sarkale, Prasad
Waghmare, Ashwini
Baradkar, Shrikant
Gawande, Pranita
Bodke, Poonam
Kalele, Kaumudi
Yemul, Jyoti
Dhaigude, Sachin
Holepannawar, Manjunath
Gopale, Sanjay
Chopade, Ganesh
Ray, Shilpa
Waghmare, Priyanka
Narayan, Jitendra
Mathapati, Basavaraj
Kadam, Manoj
Kumar, Abhimanyu
Suryawanshi, Annasaheb
Jose, Beena Philomina
Sivadas, Saritha
Akash, N. P.
Vimisha, T. V.
Keerthi, K. V.
author_facet Yadav, Pragya D.
Sahay, Rima R.
Balakrishnan, Anukumar
Mohandas, Sreelekshmy
Radhakrishnan, Chandni
Gokhale, Mangesh D.
Balasubramanian, R.
Abraham, Priya
Gupta, Nivedita
Sugunan, A. P.
Khobragade, Rajan
George, Kalpana
Shete, Anita
Patil, Savita
Thankappan, Ullas Padinjaremattathil
Dighe, Hitesh
Koshy, Jijo
Vijay, Vivek
Gayathri, R.
Kumar, P. Jayesh
Rahim, Asma
Naveen, A.
Nair, Sarala
Rajendran, V. R.
Jayasree, V.
Majumdar, Triparna
Jain, Rajlaxmi
Viswanathan, Prasanth
Patil, Deepak Y.
Kumar, Abhinendra
Nyayanit, Dimpal A.
Sarkale, Prasad
Waghmare, Ashwini
Baradkar, Shrikant
Gawande, Pranita
Bodke, Poonam
Kalele, Kaumudi
Yemul, Jyoti
Dhaigude, Sachin
Holepannawar, Manjunath
Gopale, Sanjay
Chopade, Ganesh
Ray, Shilpa
Waghmare, Priyanka
Narayan, Jitendra
Mathapati, Basavaraj
Kadam, Manoj
Kumar, Abhimanyu
Suryawanshi, Annasaheb
Jose, Beena Philomina
Sivadas, Saritha
Akash, N. P.
Vimisha, T. V.
Keerthi, K. V.
author_sort Yadav, Pragya D.
collection PubMed
description We report here a Nipah virus (NiV) outbreak in Kozhikode district of Kerala state, India, which had caused fatal encephalitis in a 12-year-old boy and the outbreak response, which led to the successful containment of the disease and the related investigations. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, ELISA-based antibody detection, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) were performed to confirm the NiV infection. Contacts of the index case were traced and isolated based on risk categorization. Bats from the areas near the epicenter of the outbreak were sampled for throat swabs, rectal swabs, and blood samples for NiV screening by real-time RT-PCR and anti-NiV bat immunoglobulin G (IgG) ELISA. A plaque reduction neutralization test was performed for the detection of neutralizing antibodies. Nipah viral RNA could be detected from blood, bronchial wash, endotracheal (ET) secretion, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and anti-NiV immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies from the serum sample of the index case. Rapid establishment of an onsite NiV diagnostic facility and contact tracing helped in quick containment of the outbreak. NiV sequences retrieved from the clinical specimen of the index case formed a sub-cluster with the earlier reported Nipah I genotype sequences from India with more than 95% similarity. Anti-NiV IgG positivity could be detected in 21% of Pteropus medius (P. medius) and 37.73% of Rousettus leschenaultia (R. leschenaultia). Neutralizing antibodies against NiV could be detected in P. medius. Stringent surveillance and awareness campaigns need to be implemented in the area to reduce human-bat interactions and minimize spillover events, which can lead to sporadic outbreaks of NiV.
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spelling pubmed-88914502022-03-04 Nipah Virus Outbreak in Kerala State, India Amidst of COVID-19 Pandemic Yadav, Pragya D. Sahay, Rima R. Balakrishnan, Anukumar Mohandas, Sreelekshmy Radhakrishnan, Chandni Gokhale, Mangesh D. Balasubramanian, R. Abraham, Priya Gupta, Nivedita Sugunan, A. P. Khobragade, Rajan George, Kalpana Shete, Anita Patil, Savita Thankappan, Ullas Padinjaremattathil Dighe, Hitesh Koshy, Jijo Vijay, Vivek Gayathri, R. Kumar, P. Jayesh Rahim, Asma Naveen, A. Nair, Sarala Rajendran, V. R. Jayasree, V. Majumdar, Triparna Jain, Rajlaxmi Viswanathan, Prasanth Patil, Deepak Y. Kumar, Abhinendra Nyayanit, Dimpal A. Sarkale, Prasad Waghmare, Ashwini Baradkar, Shrikant Gawande, Pranita Bodke, Poonam Kalele, Kaumudi Yemul, Jyoti Dhaigude, Sachin Holepannawar, Manjunath Gopale, Sanjay Chopade, Ganesh Ray, Shilpa Waghmare, Priyanka Narayan, Jitendra Mathapati, Basavaraj Kadam, Manoj Kumar, Abhimanyu Suryawanshi, Annasaheb Jose, Beena Philomina Sivadas, Saritha Akash, N. P. Vimisha, T. V. Keerthi, K. V. Front Public Health Public Health We report here a Nipah virus (NiV) outbreak in Kozhikode district of Kerala state, India, which had caused fatal encephalitis in a 12-year-old boy and the outbreak response, which led to the successful containment of the disease and the related investigations. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, ELISA-based antibody detection, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) were performed to confirm the NiV infection. Contacts of the index case were traced and isolated based on risk categorization. Bats from the areas near the epicenter of the outbreak were sampled for throat swabs, rectal swabs, and blood samples for NiV screening by real-time RT-PCR and anti-NiV bat immunoglobulin G (IgG) ELISA. A plaque reduction neutralization test was performed for the detection of neutralizing antibodies. Nipah viral RNA could be detected from blood, bronchial wash, endotracheal (ET) secretion, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and anti-NiV immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies from the serum sample of the index case. Rapid establishment of an onsite NiV diagnostic facility and contact tracing helped in quick containment of the outbreak. NiV sequences retrieved from the clinical specimen of the index case formed a sub-cluster with the earlier reported Nipah I genotype sequences from India with more than 95% similarity. Anti-NiV IgG positivity could be detected in 21% of Pteropus medius (P. medius) and 37.73% of Rousettus leschenaultia (R. leschenaultia). Neutralizing antibodies against NiV could be detected in P. medius. Stringent surveillance and awareness campaigns need to be implemented in the area to reduce human-bat interactions and minimize spillover events, which can lead to sporadic outbreaks of NiV. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-02-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8891450/ /pubmed/35252095 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.818545 Text en Copyright © 2022 Yadav, Sahay, Balakrishnan, Mohandas, Radhakrishnan, Gokhale, Balasubramanian, Abraham, Gupta, Sugunan, Khobragade, George, Shete, Patil, Thankappan, Dighe, Koshy, Vijay, Gayathri, Kumar, Rahim, Naveen, Nair, Rajendran, Jayasree, Majumdar, Jain, Viswanathan, Patil, Kumar, Nyayanit, Sarkale, Waghmare, Baradkar, Gawande, Bodke, Kalele, Yemul, Dhaigude, Holepannawar, Gopale, Chopade, Ray, Waghmare, Narayan, Mathapati, Kadam, Kumar, Suryawanshi, Jose, Sivadas, Akash, Vimisha and Keerthi. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Public Health
Yadav, Pragya D.
Sahay, Rima R.
Balakrishnan, Anukumar
Mohandas, Sreelekshmy
Radhakrishnan, Chandni
Gokhale, Mangesh D.
Balasubramanian, R.
Abraham, Priya
Gupta, Nivedita
Sugunan, A. P.
Khobragade, Rajan
George, Kalpana
Shete, Anita
Patil, Savita
Thankappan, Ullas Padinjaremattathil
Dighe, Hitesh
Koshy, Jijo
Vijay, Vivek
Gayathri, R.
Kumar, P. Jayesh
Rahim, Asma
Naveen, A.
Nair, Sarala
Rajendran, V. R.
Jayasree, V.
Majumdar, Triparna
Jain, Rajlaxmi
Viswanathan, Prasanth
Patil, Deepak Y.
Kumar, Abhinendra
Nyayanit, Dimpal A.
Sarkale, Prasad
Waghmare, Ashwini
Baradkar, Shrikant
Gawande, Pranita
Bodke, Poonam
Kalele, Kaumudi
Yemul, Jyoti
Dhaigude, Sachin
Holepannawar, Manjunath
Gopale, Sanjay
Chopade, Ganesh
Ray, Shilpa
Waghmare, Priyanka
Narayan, Jitendra
Mathapati, Basavaraj
Kadam, Manoj
Kumar, Abhimanyu
Suryawanshi, Annasaheb
Jose, Beena Philomina
Sivadas, Saritha
Akash, N. P.
Vimisha, T. V.
Keerthi, K. V.
Nipah Virus Outbreak in Kerala State, India Amidst of COVID-19 Pandemic
title Nipah Virus Outbreak in Kerala State, India Amidst of COVID-19 Pandemic
title_full Nipah Virus Outbreak in Kerala State, India Amidst of COVID-19 Pandemic
title_fullStr Nipah Virus Outbreak in Kerala State, India Amidst of COVID-19 Pandemic
title_full_unstemmed Nipah Virus Outbreak in Kerala State, India Amidst of COVID-19 Pandemic
title_short Nipah Virus Outbreak in Kerala State, India Amidst of COVID-19 Pandemic
title_sort nipah virus outbreak in kerala state, india amidst of covid-19 pandemic
topic Public Health
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8891450/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35252095
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.818545
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