An activated excretion-retarded tumor imaging strategy towards metabolic organs

Intraoperative fluorescence-based tumor imaging plays a crucial role in performing the oncological safe tumor resection with the advantage of differentiating tumor from normal tissues. However, the application of these fluorescence contrast agents in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was dramatically hammered as a result of lacking active targeting and poor retention time in tumor, which limited the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and narrowed the imaging window for complicated surgery. Herein, we reported an activated excretion-retarded tumor imaging (AERTI) strategy, which could be in situ activated with MMP-2 and self-assembled on the surface of tumor cells, thereby resulting in a promoted excretion-retarded effect with an extended tumor retention time and enhanced SNR. Briefly, the AERTI strategy could selectively recognize the Integrin α(v)β(3). Afterwards, the AERTI strategy would be activated and in situ assembled into nanofibrillar structure after specifically cleaved by MMP-2 upregulated in a variety of human tumors. We demonstrated that the AERTI strategy was successfully accumulated at the tumor sites in the 786-O and HepG2 xenograft models. More importantly, the modified modular design strategy obviously enhanced the SNR of AERTI strategy in the imaging of orthotopic RCC and HCC. Taken together, the results presented here undoubtedly confirmed the design and advantage of this AERTI strategy for the imaging of tumors in metabolic organs.