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A Role for Serotonin in Modulating Opposing Drive and Brake Circuits of Impulsivity
Impulsivity generally refers to a deficit in inhibition, with a focus on understanding the neural circuits which constitute the “brake” on actions and gratification. It is likely that increased impulsivity can arise not only from reduced inhibition, but also from a heightened or exaggerated excitato...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8892181/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35250501 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2022.791749 |
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author | Desrochers, Stephanie S. Spring, Mitchell G. Nautiyal, Katherine M. |
author_facet | Desrochers, Stephanie S. Spring, Mitchell G. Nautiyal, Katherine M. |
author_sort | Desrochers, Stephanie S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Impulsivity generally refers to a deficit in inhibition, with a focus on understanding the neural circuits which constitute the “brake” on actions and gratification. It is likely that increased impulsivity can arise not only from reduced inhibition, but also from a heightened or exaggerated excitatory “drive.” For example, an action which has more vigor, or is fueled by either increased incentive salience or a stronger action-outcome association, may be harder to inhibit. From this perspective, this review focuses on impulse control as a competition over behavioral output between an initially learned response-reward outcome association, and a subsequently acquired opposing inhibitory association. Our goal is to present a synthesis of research from humans and animal models that supports this dual-systems approach to understanding the behavioral and neural substrates that contribute to impulsivity, with a focus on the neuromodulatory role of serotonin. We review evidence for the role of serotonin signaling in mediating the balance of the “drive” and “brake” circuits. Additionally, we consider parallels of these competing instrumental systems in impulsivity within classical conditioning processes (e.g., extinction) in order to point us to potential behavioral and neural mechanisms that may modulate the competing instrumental associations. Finally, we consider how the balance of these competing associations might contribute to, or be extracted from, our experimental assessments of impulsivity. A careful understanding of the underlying behavioral and circuit level contributions to impulsivity is important for understanding the pathogenesis of increased impulsivity present in a number of psychiatric disorders. Pathological levels of impulsivity in such disorders are likely subserved by deficits in the balance of motivational and inhibitory processes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8892181 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88921812022-03-04 A Role for Serotonin in Modulating Opposing Drive and Brake Circuits of Impulsivity Desrochers, Stephanie S. Spring, Mitchell G. Nautiyal, Katherine M. Front Behav Neurosci Neuroscience Impulsivity generally refers to a deficit in inhibition, with a focus on understanding the neural circuits which constitute the “brake” on actions and gratification. It is likely that increased impulsivity can arise not only from reduced inhibition, but also from a heightened or exaggerated excitatory “drive.” For example, an action which has more vigor, or is fueled by either increased incentive salience or a stronger action-outcome association, may be harder to inhibit. From this perspective, this review focuses on impulse control as a competition over behavioral output between an initially learned response-reward outcome association, and a subsequently acquired opposing inhibitory association. Our goal is to present a synthesis of research from humans and animal models that supports this dual-systems approach to understanding the behavioral and neural substrates that contribute to impulsivity, with a focus on the neuromodulatory role of serotonin. We review evidence for the role of serotonin signaling in mediating the balance of the “drive” and “brake” circuits. Additionally, we consider parallels of these competing instrumental systems in impulsivity within classical conditioning processes (e.g., extinction) in order to point us to potential behavioral and neural mechanisms that may modulate the competing instrumental associations. Finally, we consider how the balance of these competing associations might contribute to, or be extracted from, our experimental assessments of impulsivity. A careful understanding of the underlying behavioral and circuit level contributions to impulsivity is important for understanding the pathogenesis of increased impulsivity present in a number of psychiatric disorders. Pathological levels of impulsivity in such disorders are likely subserved by deficits in the balance of motivational and inhibitory processes. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-02-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8892181/ /pubmed/35250501 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2022.791749 Text en Copyright © 2022 Desrochers, Spring and Nautiyal. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Desrochers, Stephanie S. Spring, Mitchell G. Nautiyal, Katherine M. A Role for Serotonin in Modulating Opposing Drive and Brake Circuits of Impulsivity |
title | A Role for Serotonin in Modulating Opposing Drive and Brake Circuits of Impulsivity |
title_full | A Role for Serotonin in Modulating Opposing Drive and Brake Circuits of Impulsivity |
title_fullStr | A Role for Serotonin in Modulating Opposing Drive and Brake Circuits of Impulsivity |
title_full_unstemmed | A Role for Serotonin in Modulating Opposing Drive and Brake Circuits of Impulsivity |
title_short | A Role for Serotonin in Modulating Opposing Drive and Brake Circuits of Impulsivity |
title_sort | role for serotonin in modulating opposing drive and brake circuits of impulsivity |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8892181/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35250501 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2022.791749 |
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