Protocol for a scoping review on the development of policy, guidelines and protocols within emergency medical services

INTRODUCTION: Emergency medical services (EMS) use a combination of policy, clinical practice guidelines and protocols to set out their expectations for service delivery and to inform patient care. While these are integral to how EMS now operate, relatively little is known about how they are developed, or the processes involved. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review is to understand what is known in the literature about the development of policy, guidelines and protocols within EMS. METHODS: This scoping review will follow the Arksey and O’Malley (2005) methodological framework for scoping reviews. A search strategy has been developed using index term definitions, building from authors’ knowledge of the field. The following electronic databases will be searched from 2002 to 2021 for all types of publication: CINAHL, Medline, Academic Search Complete and PsycINFO, EMBASE, Nursing and Allied Health, the Cochrane library, NICE Evidence, Scopus, OpenGrey, EThOS, Google Scholar, Google search and key EMS journal websites. The results will be downloaded using EndNote(X9) reference management software and duplicates will be removed. Titles and abstracts of the results will be independently screened for their relevance to the research question, and the full text of each selected publication will be assessed against pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria to determine its eligibility. The reference list and forward citations will be searched for articles meeting the eligibility criteria. A second researcher will independently assess a 10% sample of results to allow for validation of this assessment. Data will be extracted and charted on the characteristics of the publications and the knowledge they contribute on the development of policy, guidelines or protocols. Accompanying narratives will be presented to identify themes and gaps in the available evidence. A critical appraisal will be undertaken of the included publications, where empirical research is presented.