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Geographic Pattern of Typhoid Fever in India: A Model-Based Estimate of Cohort and Surveillance Data

BACKGROUND: Typhoid fever remains a major public health problem in India. Recently, the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in India program completed a multisite surveillance study. However, data on subnational variation in typhoid fever are needed to guide the introduction of the new typhoid conjugate...

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Autores principales: Cao, Yanjia, Karthikeyan, Arun S, Ramanujam, Karthikeyan, Raju, Reshma, Krishna, Swathi, Kumar, Dilesh, Ryckman, Theresa, Mohan, Venkata Raghava, Kang, Gagandeep, John, Jacob, Andrews, Jason R, Lo, Nathan C
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8892532/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35238365
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiab187
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author Cao, Yanjia
Karthikeyan, Arun S
Ramanujam, Karthikeyan
Raju, Reshma
Krishna, Swathi
Kumar, Dilesh
Ryckman, Theresa
Mohan, Venkata Raghava
Kang, Gagandeep
John, Jacob
Andrews, Jason R
Lo, Nathan C
author_facet Cao, Yanjia
Karthikeyan, Arun S
Ramanujam, Karthikeyan
Raju, Reshma
Krishna, Swathi
Kumar, Dilesh
Ryckman, Theresa
Mohan, Venkata Raghava
Kang, Gagandeep
John, Jacob
Andrews, Jason R
Lo, Nathan C
author_sort Cao, Yanjia
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Typhoid fever remains a major public health problem in India. Recently, the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in India program completed a multisite surveillance study. However, data on subnational variation in typhoid fever are needed to guide the introduction of the new typhoid conjugate vaccine in India. METHODS: We applied a geospatial statistical model to estimate typhoid fever incidence across India, using data from 4 cohort studies and 6 hybrid surveillance sites from October 2017 to March 2020. We collected geocoded data from the Demographic and Health Survey in India as predictors of typhoid fever incidence. We used a log linear regression model to predict a primary outcome of typhoid incidence. RESULTS: We estimated a national incidence of typhoid fever in India of 360 cases (95% confidence interval [CI], 297–494) per 100 000 person-years, with an annual estimate of 4.5 million cases (95% CI, 3.7–6.1 million) and 8930 deaths (95% CI, 7360–12 260), assuming a 0.2% case-fatality rate. We found substantial geographic variation of typhoid incidence across the country, with higher incidence in southwestern states and urban centers in the north. CONCLUSIONS: There is a large burden of typhoid fever in India with substantial heterogeneity across the country, with higher burden in urban centers.
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spelling pubmed-88925322022-03-04 Geographic Pattern of Typhoid Fever in India: A Model-Based Estimate of Cohort and Surveillance Data Cao, Yanjia Karthikeyan, Arun S Ramanujam, Karthikeyan Raju, Reshma Krishna, Swathi Kumar, Dilesh Ryckman, Theresa Mohan, Venkata Raghava Kang, Gagandeep John, Jacob Andrews, Jason R Lo, Nathan C J Infect Dis Supplement Articles BACKGROUND: Typhoid fever remains a major public health problem in India. Recently, the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in India program completed a multisite surveillance study. However, data on subnational variation in typhoid fever are needed to guide the introduction of the new typhoid conjugate vaccine in India. METHODS: We applied a geospatial statistical model to estimate typhoid fever incidence across India, using data from 4 cohort studies and 6 hybrid surveillance sites from October 2017 to March 2020. We collected geocoded data from the Demographic and Health Survey in India as predictors of typhoid fever incidence. We used a log linear regression model to predict a primary outcome of typhoid incidence. RESULTS: We estimated a national incidence of typhoid fever in India of 360 cases (95% confidence interval [CI], 297–494) per 100 000 person-years, with an annual estimate of 4.5 million cases (95% CI, 3.7–6.1 million) and 8930 deaths (95% CI, 7360–12 260), assuming a 0.2% case-fatality rate. We found substantial geographic variation of typhoid incidence across the country, with higher incidence in southwestern states and urban centers in the north. CONCLUSIONS: There is a large burden of typhoid fever in India with substantial heterogeneity across the country, with higher burden in urban centers. Oxford University Press 2021-11-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8892532/ /pubmed/35238365 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiab187 Text en © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Supplement Articles
Cao, Yanjia
Karthikeyan, Arun S
Ramanujam, Karthikeyan
Raju, Reshma
Krishna, Swathi
Kumar, Dilesh
Ryckman, Theresa
Mohan, Venkata Raghava
Kang, Gagandeep
John, Jacob
Andrews, Jason R
Lo, Nathan C
Geographic Pattern of Typhoid Fever in India: A Model-Based Estimate of Cohort and Surveillance Data
title Geographic Pattern of Typhoid Fever in India: A Model-Based Estimate of Cohort and Surveillance Data
title_full Geographic Pattern of Typhoid Fever in India: A Model-Based Estimate of Cohort and Surveillance Data
title_fullStr Geographic Pattern of Typhoid Fever in India: A Model-Based Estimate of Cohort and Surveillance Data
title_full_unstemmed Geographic Pattern of Typhoid Fever in India: A Model-Based Estimate of Cohort and Surveillance Data
title_short Geographic Pattern of Typhoid Fever in India: A Model-Based Estimate of Cohort and Surveillance Data
title_sort geographic pattern of typhoid fever in india: a model-based estimate of cohort and surveillance data
topic Supplement Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8892532/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35238365
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiab187
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