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Evaluation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile in Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A: Presenting the Current Scenario in India and Strategy for Future Management
BACKGROUND: Systematic studies to estimate the disease burden of typhoid and paratyphoid in India are limited. Therefore, a multicenter study on the Surveillance of Enteric Fever in India was carried out to estimate the incidence, clinical presentation, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trend. The...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8892543/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35238369 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiab144 |
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author | Veeraraghavan, Balaji Pragasam, Agila K Ray, Pallab Kapil, Arti Nagaraj, Savitha Perumal, Sulochana Putli Bai Saigal, Karnika Thomas, Maria Gupta, Madhu Rongsen-Chandola, Temsunaro Jinka, Dasaratha Ramaiah Shastri, Jayanthi Alexander, Anna P Koshy, Roshine Mary De, Anuradha Singh, Ashita Evelyn Ebenezer, Sheena Dutta, Shanta Bavdekar, Ashish More, Deepak Sanghavi, Sonali Nayakanti, Raghuprakash Reddy Jacob, Jobin J Amladi, Anushree Anandan, Shalini Abirami, Baby S Bakthavatchalam, Yamuna D Sethuvel, Dhiviya P M John, Jacob Kang, Gagandeep |
author_facet | Veeraraghavan, Balaji Pragasam, Agila K Ray, Pallab Kapil, Arti Nagaraj, Savitha Perumal, Sulochana Putli Bai Saigal, Karnika Thomas, Maria Gupta, Madhu Rongsen-Chandola, Temsunaro Jinka, Dasaratha Ramaiah Shastri, Jayanthi Alexander, Anna P Koshy, Roshine Mary De, Anuradha Singh, Ashita Evelyn Ebenezer, Sheena Dutta, Shanta Bavdekar, Ashish More, Deepak Sanghavi, Sonali Nayakanti, Raghuprakash Reddy Jacob, Jobin J Amladi, Anushree Anandan, Shalini Abirami, Baby S Bakthavatchalam, Yamuna D Sethuvel, Dhiviya P M John, Jacob Kang, Gagandeep |
author_sort | Veeraraghavan, Balaji |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Systematic studies to estimate the disease burden of typhoid and paratyphoid in India are limited. Therefore, a multicenter study on the Surveillance of Enteric Fever in India was carried out to estimate the incidence, clinical presentation, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trend. The data presented here represent the national burden of AMR in Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A. METHODS: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A (n = 2373) isolates collected prospectively during a 2-year period from November 2017 to January 2020. RESULTS: Of 2373 Salmonella isolates, 2032 (85.6%) were identified as S. Typhi and 341 (14.4%) were S. Paratyphi A. Approximately 2% of S. Typhi were multidrug-resistant (MDR), whereas all 341 (100%) of S. Paratyphi A isolates were sensitive to the first-line antimicrobials. Among 98% of ciprofloxacin nonsusceptible isolates, resistance (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] >0.5 µg/mL) was higher in S. Typhi (37%) compared with S. Paratyphi A (20%). Azithromycin susceptibility was 99.9% and 100% with a mean MIC of 4.98 μg/mL for S. Typhi and 7.39 μg/mL for S. Paratyphi A respectively. Ceftriaxone was the only agent that retained 100% susceptibility. Moreover, beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors showed potent in vitro activity against the study isolates. CONCLUSIONS: Data obtained from this systematic surveillance study confirms the declining trend of MDR Salmonella isolates from India. The higher prevalence of ciprofloxacin nonsusceptibility enforces to limit its use and adhere to the judicious usage of azithromycin and ceftriaxone for enteric fever management. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8892543 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88925432022-03-04 Evaluation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile in Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A: Presenting the Current Scenario in India and Strategy for Future Management Veeraraghavan, Balaji Pragasam, Agila K Ray, Pallab Kapil, Arti Nagaraj, Savitha Perumal, Sulochana Putli Bai Saigal, Karnika Thomas, Maria Gupta, Madhu Rongsen-Chandola, Temsunaro Jinka, Dasaratha Ramaiah Shastri, Jayanthi Alexander, Anna P Koshy, Roshine Mary De, Anuradha Singh, Ashita Evelyn Ebenezer, Sheena Dutta, Shanta Bavdekar, Ashish More, Deepak Sanghavi, Sonali Nayakanti, Raghuprakash Reddy Jacob, Jobin J Amladi, Anushree Anandan, Shalini Abirami, Baby S Bakthavatchalam, Yamuna D Sethuvel, Dhiviya P M John, Jacob Kang, Gagandeep J Infect Dis Supplement Articles BACKGROUND: Systematic studies to estimate the disease burden of typhoid and paratyphoid in India are limited. Therefore, a multicenter study on the Surveillance of Enteric Fever in India was carried out to estimate the incidence, clinical presentation, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trend. The data presented here represent the national burden of AMR in Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A. METHODS: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A (n = 2373) isolates collected prospectively during a 2-year period from November 2017 to January 2020. RESULTS: Of 2373 Salmonella isolates, 2032 (85.6%) were identified as S. Typhi and 341 (14.4%) were S. Paratyphi A. Approximately 2% of S. Typhi were multidrug-resistant (MDR), whereas all 341 (100%) of S. Paratyphi A isolates were sensitive to the first-line antimicrobials. Among 98% of ciprofloxacin nonsusceptible isolates, resistance (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] >0.5 µg/mL) was higher in S. Typhi (37%) compared with S. Paratyphi A (20%). Azithromycin susceptibility was 99.9% and 100% with a mean MIC of 4.98 μg/mL for S. Typhi and 7.39 μg/mL for S. Paratyphi A respectively. Ceftriaxone was the only agent that retained 100% susceptibility. Moreover, beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors showed potent in vitro activity against the study isolates. CONCLUSIONS: Data obtained from this systematic surveillance study confirms the declining trend of MDR Salmonella isolates from India. The higher prevalence of ciprofloxacin nonsusceptibility enforces to limit its use and adhere to the judicious usage of azithromycin and ceftriaxone for enteric fever management. Oxford University Press 2021-11-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8892543/ /pubmed/35238369 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiab144 Text en © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Supplement Articles Veeraraghavan, Balaji Pragasam, Agila K Ray, Pallab Kapil, Arti Nagaraj, Savitha Perumal, Sulochana Putli Bai Saigal, Karnika Thomas, Maria Gupta, Madhu Rongsen-Chandola, Temsunaro Jinka, Dasaratha Ramaiah Shastri, Jayanthi Alexander, Anna P Koshy, Roshine Mary De, Anuradha Singh, Ashita Evelyn Ebenezer, Sheena Dutta, Shanta Bavdekar, Ashish More, Deepak Sanghavi, Sonali Nayakanti, Raghuprakash Reddy Jacob, Jobin J Amladi, Anushree Anandan, Shalini Abirami, Baby S Bakthavatchalam, Yamuna D Sethuvel, Dhiviya P M John, Jacob Kang, Gagandeep Evaluation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile in Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A: Presenting the Current Scenario in India and Strategy for Future Management |
title | Evaluation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile in Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A: Presenting the Current Scenario in India and Strategy for Future Management |
title_full | Evaluation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile in Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A: Presenting the Current Scenario in India and Strategy for Future Management |
title_fullStr | Evaluation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile in Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A: Presenting the Current Scenario in India and Strategy for Future Management |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile in Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A: Presenting the Current Scenario in India and Strategy for Future Management |
title_short | Evaluation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile in Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A: Presenting the Current Scenario in India and Strategy for Future Management |
title_sort | evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility profile in salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a: presenting the current scenario in india and strategy for future management |
topic | Supplement Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8892543/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35238369 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiab144 |
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