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Half-life time prediction of developing first-line antiretroviral treatment failure and its risk factors among TB and HIV co-infected children in Northwest Ethiopia; multi setting historical follow-up study
BACKGROUND: Even though treatment failure is higher among TB and HIV infected children in a resource-limited setting, there is no prior evidence in general and in the study area in particular. Hence, this study was aimed at determining the half-life time prediction of developing first-line antiretro...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8892785/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35241036 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03177-6 |
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author | Chanie, Ermias Sisay Muche, Achenef Asmamaw Gobeza, Mengistu Berhanu Alemu, Eshetie Molla Addis, Wondimnew Desalegn Azanaw, Melkalem Mamuye Gebremariam, Alemayehu Digssie Tesfa, Desalegn Engidaw, Melaku Tadege Atikilit, Getaneh AbebawTiruneh, Sofonyas Arage, Getachew |
author_facet | Chanie, Ermias Sisay Muche, Achenef Asmamaw Gobeza, Mengistu Berhanu Alemu, Eshetie Molla Addis, Wondimnew Desalegn Azanaw, Melkalem Mamuye Gebremariam, Alemayehu Digssie Tesfa, Desalegn Engidaw, Melaku Tadege Atikilit, Getaneh AbebawTiruneh, Sofonyas Arage, Getachew |
author_sort | Chanie, Ermias Sisay |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Even though treatment failure is higher among TB and HIV infected children in a resource-limited setting, there is no prior evidence in general and in the study area in particular. Hence, this study was aimed at determining the half-life time prediction of developing first-line antiretroviral treatment failure and its risk factors among TB and HIV co-infected children. METHODS: A historical follow-up study was employed among 239 TB and HIV co-infected children from January 2010-December 2020. The data was entered into Epi data version 4.2.2 and exported to STATA 14.0 Software for analysis. The Kaplan-Meier plot was used to estimate the half-life time to develop treatment failure. The required assumption was fulfilled for each predictor variable. Additionally, those variables having a p-value ≤0.25 in the bivariable analysis were fitted into a multivariable Cox-proportional hazards regression model. P-value, < 0.05 was used to declare a significant association. RESULTS: A total of 239 TB and HIV co-infected children were involved in this study. The overall half-life time to develop first treatment failure was found to be 101 months, with a total of 1027.8 years’ follow-up period. The incidence rate and proportion of developing first-line treatment failure were 5.5 per 100 PPY (Person-Year) [CI (confidence interval): 3.7, 6.9] 100 PPY and 23.8% (CI; 18.8, 29.7) respectively. Factors such as hemoglobin 10 mg/dl [AHR (Adjusted Hazard Ratio): 3.2 (95% CI: 1.30, 7.73), severe acute malnutrition [AHR: 3.8 (95% CI: 1.51, 79.65), World Health Organization stage IV [AHR: 2.4 (95% CI: 1.15, 4.93)], and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis non user [AHR: 2.3 (95% CI: 1.14, 4.47)] were found to be a risk factor to develop treatment failure. CONCLUSION: In this study, the half-life time to develop first-line treatment failure was found to be very low. In addition, the incidence was found to be very high. The presence of hemoglobin 10 mg/dl, severe acute malnutrition, World Health Organization stage, and non-use of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis were discovered to be risk factors for treatment failure. Further prospective cohort and qualitative studies should be conducted to improve the quality of care in paediatric ART clinics to reduce the incidence or burden of first line treatment failure among TB and HIV co-infected children. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8892785 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88927852022-03-10 Half-life time prediction of developing first-line antiretroviral treatment failure and its risk factors among TB and HIV co-infected children in Northwest Ethiopia; multi setting historical follow-up study Chanie, Ermias Sisay Muche, Achenef Asmamaw Gobeza, Mengistu Berhanu Alemu, Eshetie Molla Addis, Wondimnew Desalegn Azanaw, Melkalem Mamuye Gebremariam, Alemayehu Digssie Tesfa, Desalegn Engidaw, Melaku Tadege Atikilit, Getaneh AbebawTiruneh, Sofonyas Arage, Getachew BMC Pediatr Research BACKGROUND: Even though treatment failure is higher among TB and HIV infected children in a resource-limited setting, there is no prior evidence in general and in the study area in particular. Hence, this study was aimed at determining the half-life time prediction of developing first-line antiretroviral treatment failure and its risk factors among TB and HIV co-infected children. METHODS: A historical follow-up study was employed among 239 TB and HIV co-infected children from January 2010-December 2020. The data was entered into Epi data version 4.2.2 and exported to STATA 14.0 Software for analysis. The Kaplan-Meier plot was used to estimate the half-life time to develop treatment failure. The required assumption was fulfilled for each predictor variable. Additionally, those variables having a p-value ≤0.25 in the bivariable analysis were fitted into a multivariable Cox-proportional hazards regression model. P-value, < 0.05 was used to declare a significant association. RESULTS: A total of 239 TB and HIV co-infected children were involved in this study. The overall half-life time to develop first treatment failure was found to be 101 months, with a total of 1027.8 years’ follow-up period. The incidence rate and proportion of developing first-line treatment failure were 5.5 per 100 PPY (Person-Year) [CI (confidence interval): 3.7, 6.9] 100 PPY and 23.8% (CI; 18.8, 29.7) respectively. Factors such as hemoglobin 10 mg/dl [AHR (Adjusted Hazard Ratio): 3.2 (95% CI: 1.30, 7.73), severe acute malnutrition [AHR: 3.8 (95% CI: 1.51, 79.65), World Health Organization stage IV [AHR: 2.4 (95% CI: 1.15, 4.93)], and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis non user [AHR: 2.3 (95% CI: 1.14, 4.47)] were found to be a risk factor to develop treatment failure. CONCLUSION: In this study, the half-life time to develop first-line treatment failure was found to be very low. In addition, the incidence was found to be very high. The presence of hemoglobin 10 mg/dl, severe acute malnutrition, World Health Organization stage, and non-use of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis were discovered to be risk factors for treatment failure. Further prospective cohort and qualitative studies should be conducted to improve the quality of care in paediatric ART clinics to reduce the incidence or burden of first line treatment failure among TB and HIV co-infected children. BioMed Central 2022-03-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8892785/ /pubmed/35241036 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03177-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Chanie, Ermias Sisay Muche, Achenef Asmamaw Gobeza, Mengistu Berhanu Alemu, Eshetie Molla Addis, Wondimnew Desalegn Azanaw, Melkalem Mamuye Gebremariam, Alemayehu Digssie Tesfa, Desalegn Engidaw, Melaku Tadege Atikilit, Getaneh AbebawTiruneh, Sofonyas Arage, Getachew Half-life time prediction of developing first-line antiretroviral treatment failure and its risk factors among TB and HIV co-infected children in Northwest Ethiopia; multi setting historical follow-up study |
title | Half-life time prediction of developing first-line antiretroviral treatment failure and its risk factors among TB and HIV co-infected children in Northwest Ethiopia; multi setting historical follow-up study |
title_full | Half-life time prediction of developing first-line antiretroviral treatment failure and its risk factors among TB and HIV co-infected children in Northwest Ethiopia; multi setting historical follow-up study |
title_fullStr | Half-life time prediction of developing first-line antiretroviral treatment failure and its risk factors among TB and HIV co-infected children in Northwest Ethiopia; multi setting historical follow-up study |
title_full_unstemmed | Half-life time prediction of developing first-line antiretroviral treatment failure and its risk factors among TB and HIV co-infected children in Northwest Ethiopia; multi setting historical follow-up study |
title_short | Half-life time prediction of developing first-line antiretroviral treatment failure and its risk factors among TB and HIV co-infected children in Northwest Ethiopia; multi setting historical follow-up study |
title_sort | half-life time prediction of developing first-line antiretroviral treatment failure and its risk factors among tb and hiv co-infected children in northwest ethiopia; multi setting historical follow-up study |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8892785/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35241036 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03177-6 |
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