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Near-Infrared Activation of Sensory Rhodopsin II Mediated by NIR-to-Blue Upconversion Nanoparticles
Direct optical activation of microbial rhodopsins in deep biological tissue suffers from ineffective light delivery because visible light is strongly scattered and absorbed. NIR light has deeper tissue penetration, but NIR-activation requires a transducer that converts NIR light into visible light i...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8892918/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35252344 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2021.782688 |
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author | Yaguchi, Momo Jia, Xiaodan Schlesinger, Ramona Jiang, Xiue Ataka, Kenichi Heberle, Joachim |
author_facet | Yaguchi, Momo Jia, Xiaodan Schlesinger, Ramona Jiang, Xiue Ataka, Kenichi Heberle, Joachim |
author_sort | Yaguchi, Momo |
collection | PubMed |
description | Direct optical activation of microbial rhodopsins in deep biological tissue suffers from ineffective light delivery because visible light is strongly scattered and absorbed. NIR light has deeper tissue penetration, but NIR-activation requires a transducer that converts NIR light into visible light in proximity to proteins of interest. Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are ideal transducer as they absorb near-infrared (NIR) light and emit visible light. Therefore, UCNP-assisted excitation of microbial rhodopsins with NIR light has been intensively studied by electrophysiology technique. While electrophysiology is a powerful method to test the functional performance of microbial rhodopsins, conformational changes associated with the NIR light illumination in the presence of UCNPs remain poorly understood. Since UCNPs have generally multiple emission peaks at different wavelengths, it is important to reveal if UCNP-generated visible light induces similar structural changes of microbial rhodopsins as conventional visible light illumination does. Here, we synthesize the lanthanide-doped UCNPs that convert NIR light to blue light. Using these NIR-to-blue UCNPs, we monitor the NIR-triggered conformational changes in sensory rhodopsin II from Natronomonas pharaonis (NpSRII), blue light-sensitive microbial rhodospsin, by FTIR spectroscopy. FTIR difference spectrum of NpSRII was recorded under two different excitation conditions: (ⅰ) with conventional blue light, (ⅱ) with UCNP-generated blue light upon NIR excitation. Both spectra display similar spectral features characteristic of the long-lived M photointermediate state during the photocycle of NpSRII. This study demonstrates that NIR-activation of NpSRII mediated by UCNPs takes place in a similar way to direct blue light activation of NpSRII. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8892918 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88929182022-03-04 Near-Infrared Activation of Sensory Rhodopsin II Mediated by NIR-to-Blue Upconversion Nanoparticles Yaguchi, Momo Jia, Xiaodan Schlesinger, Ramona Jiang, Xiue Ataka, Kenichi Heberle, Joachim Front Mol Biosci Molecular Biosciences Direct optical activation of microbial rhodopsins in deep biological tissue suffers from ineffective light delivery because visible light is strongly scattered and absorbed. NIR light has deeper tissue penetration, but NIR-activation requires a transducer that converts NIR light into visible light in proximity to proteins of interest. Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are ideal transducer as they absorb near-infrared (NIR) light and emit visible light. Therefore, UCNP-assisted excitation of microbial rhodopsins with NIR light has been intensively studied by electrophysiology technique. While electrophysiology is a powerful method to test the functional performance of microbial rhodopsins, conformational changes associated with the NIR light illumination in the presence of UCNPs remain poorly understood. Since UCNPs have generally multiple emission peaks at different wavelengths, it is important to reveal if UCNP-generated visible light induces similar structural changes of microbial rhodopsins as conventional visible light illumination does. Here, we synthesize the lanthanide-doped UCNPs that convert NIR light to blue light. Using these NIR-to-blue UCNPs, we monitor the NIR-triggered conformational changes in sensory rhodopsin II from Natronomonas pharaonis (NpSRII), blue light-sensitive microbial rhodospsin, by FTIR spectroscopy. FTIR difference spectrum of NpSRII was recorded under two different excitation conditions: (ⅰ) with conventional blue light, (ⅱ) with UCNP-generated blue light upon NIR excitation. Both spectra display similar spectral features characteristic of the long-lived M photointermediate state during the photocycle of NpSRII. This study demonstrates that NIR-activation of NpSRII mediated by UCNPs takes place in a similar way to direct blue light activation of NpSRII. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-01-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8892918/ /pubmed/35252344 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2021.782688 Text en Copyright © 2022 Yaguchi, Jia, Schlesinger, Jiang, Ataka and Heberle. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Molecular Biosciences Yaguchi, Momo Jia, Xiaodan Schlesinger, Ramona Jiang, Xiue Ataka, Kenichi Heberle, Joachim Near-Infrared Activation of Sensory Rhodopsin II Mediated by NIR-to-Blue Upconversion Nanoparticles |
title | Near-Infrared Activation of Sensory Rhodopsin II Mediated by NIR-to-Blue Upconversion Nanoparticles |
title_full | Near-Infrared Activation of Sensory Rhodopsin II Mediated by NIR-to-Blue Upconversion Nanoparticles |
title_fullStr | Near-Infrared Activation of Sensory Rhodopsin II Mediated by NIR-to-Blue Upconversion Nanoparticles |
title_full_unstemmed | Near-Infrared Activation of Sensory Rhodopsin II Mediated by NIR-to-Blue Upconversion Nanoparticles |
title_short | Near-Infrared Activation of Sensory Rhodopsin II Mediated by NIR-to-Blue Upconversion Nanoparticles |
title_sort | near-infrared activation of sensory rhodopsin ii mediated by nir-to-blue upconversion nanoparticles |
topic | Molecular Biosciences |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8892918/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35252344 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2021.782688 |
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