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Genomic Insights on Variation Underlying Capsule Expression in Meningococcal Carriage Isolates From University Students, United States, 2015–2016

In January and February 2015, Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (NmB) outbreaks occurred at two universities in the United States, and mass vaccination campaigns using MenB vaccines were initiated as part of a public health response. Meningococcal carriage evaluations were conducted concurrently wi...

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Autores principales: Whaley, Melissa J., Vuong, Jeni T., Topaz, Nadav, Chang, How-Yi, Thomas, Jennifer Dolan, Jenkins, Laurel T., Hu, Fang, Schmink, Susanna, Steward-Clark, Evelene, Mathis, Marsenia, Rodriguez-Rivera, Lorraine D., Retchless, Adam C., Joseph, Sandeep J., Chen, Alexander, Acosta, Anna M., McNamara, Lucy, Soeters, Heidi M., Mbaeyi, Sarah, Marjuki, Henju, Wang, Xin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8893959/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35250931
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.815044
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author Whaley, Melissa J.
Vuong, Jeni T.
Topaz, Nadav
Chang, How-Yi
Thomas, Jennifer Dolan
Jenkins, Laurel T.
Hu, Fang
Schmink, Susanna
Steward-Clark, Evelene
Mathis, Marsenia
Rodriguez-Rivera, Lorraine D.
Retchless, Adam C.
Joseph, Sandeep J.
Chen, Alexander
Acosta, Anna M.
McNamara, Lucy
Soeters, Heidi M.
Mbaeyi, Sarah
Marjuki, Henju
Wang, Xin
author_facet Whaley, Melissa J.
Vuong, Jeni T.
Topaz, Nadav
Chang, How-Yi
Thomas, Jennifer Dolan
Jenkins, Laurel T.
Hu, Fang
Schmink, Susanna
Steward-Clark, Evelene
Mathis, Marsenia
Rodriguez-Rivera, Lorraine D.
Retchless, Adam C.
Joseph, Sandeep J.
Chen, Alexander
Acosta, Anna M.
McNamara, Lucy
Soeters, Heidi M.
Mbaeyi, Sarah
Marjuki, Henju
Wang, Xin
author_sort Whaley, Melissa J.
collection PubMed
description In January and February 2015, Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (NmB) outbreaks occurred at two universities in the United States, and mass vaccination campaigns using MenB vaccines were initiated as part of a public health response. Meningococcal carriage evaluations were conducted concurrently with vaccination campaigns at these two universities and at a third university, where no NmB outbreak occurred. Meningococcal isolates (N = 1,514) obtained from these evaluations were characterized for capsule biosynthesis by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Functional capsule polysaccharide synthesis (cps) loci belonging to one of seven capsule genogroups (B, C, E, W, X, Y, and Z) were identified in 122 isolates (8.1%). Approximately half [732 (48.4%)] of isolates could not be genogrouped because of the lack of any serogroup-specific genes. The remaining 660 isolates (43.5%) contained serogroup-specific genes for genogroup B, C, E, W, X, Y, or Z, but had mutations in the cps loci. Identified mutations included frameshift or point mutations resulting in premature stop codons, missing or fragmented genes, or disruptions due to insertion elements. Despite these mutations, 49/660 isolates expressed capsule as observed with slide agglutination, whereas 45/122 isolates with functional cps loci did not express capsule. Neither the variable capsule expression nor the genetic variation in the cps locus was limited to a certain clonal complex, except for capsule null isolates (predominantly clonal complex 198). Most of the meningococcal carriage isolates collected from student populations at three US universities were non-groupable as a result of either being capsule null or containing mutations within the capsule locus. Several mutations inhibiting expression of the genes involved with the synthesis and transport of the capsule may be reversible, allowing the bacteria to switch between an encapsulated and non-encapsulated state. These findings are particularly important as carriage is an important component of the transmission cycle of the pathogen, and understanding the impact of genetic variations on the synthesis of capsule, a meningococcal vaccine target and an important virulence factor, may ultimately inform strategies for control and prevention of disease caused by this pathogen.
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spelling pubmed-88939592022-03-04 Genomic Insights on Variation Underlying Capsule Expression in Meningococcal Carriage Isolates From University Students, United States, 2015–2016 Whaley, Melissa J. Vuong, Jeni T. Topaz, Nadav Chang, How-Yi Thomas, Jennifer Dolan Jenkins, Laurel T. Hu, Fang Schmink, Susanna Steward-Clark, Evelene Mathis, Marsenia Rodriguez-Rivera, Lorraine D. Retchless, Adam C. Joseph, Sandeep J. Chen, Alexander Acosta, Anna M. McNamara, Lucy Soeters, Heidi M. Mbaeyi, Sarah Marjuki, Henju Wang, Xin Front Microbiol Microbiology In January and February 2015, Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (NmB) outbreaks occurred at two universities in the United States, and mass vaccination campaigns using MenB vaccines were initiated as part of a public health response. Meningococcal carriage evaluations were conducted concurrently with vaccination campaigns at these two universities and at a third university, where no NmB outbreak occurred. Meningococcal isolates (N = 1,514) obtained from these evaluations were characterized for capsule biosynthesis by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Functional capsule polysaccharide synthesis (cps) loci belonging to one of seven capsule genogroups (B, C, E, W, X, Y, and Z) were identified in 122 isolates (8.1%). Approximately half [732 (48.4%)] of isolates could not be genogrouped because of the lack of any serogroup-specific genes. The remaining 660 isolates (43.5%) contained serogroup-specific genes for genogroup B, C, E, W, X, Y, or Z, but had mutations in the cps loci. Identified mutations included frameshift or point mutations resulting in premature stop codons, missing or fragmented genes, or disruptions due to insertion elements. Despite these mutations, 49/660 isolates expressed capsule as observed with slide agglutination, whereas 45/122 isolates with functional cps loci did not express capsule. Neither the variable capsule expression nor the genetic variation in the cps locus was limited to a certain clonal complex, except for capsule null isolates (predominantly clonal complex 198). Most of the meningococcal carriage isolates collected from student populations at three US universities were non-groupable as a result of either being capsule null or containing mutations within the capsule locus. Several mutations inhibiting expression of the genes involved with the synthesis and transport of the capsule may be reversible, allowing the bacteria to switch between an encapsulated and non-encapsulated state. These findings are particularly important as carriage is an important component of the transmission cycle of the pathogen, and understanding the impact of genetic variations on the synthesis of capsule, a meningococcal vaccine target and an important virulence factor, may ultimately inform strategies for control and prevention of disease caused by this pathogen. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-02-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8893959/ /pubmed/35250931 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.815044 Text en Copyright © 2022 Whaley, Vuong, Topaz, Chang, Thomas, Jenkins, Hu, Schmink, Steward-Clark, Mathis, Rodriguez-Rivera, Retchless, Joseph, Chen, Acosta, McNamara, Soeters, Mbaeyi, Marjuki and Wang. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Whaley, Melissa J.
Vuong, Jeni T.
Topaz, Nadav
Chang, How-Yi
Thomas, Jennifer Dolan
Jenkins, Laurel T.
Hu, Fang
Schmink, Susanna
Steward-Clark, Evelene
Mathis, Marsenia
Rodriguez-Rivera, Lorraine D.
Retchless, Adam C.
Joseph, Sandeep J.
Chen, Alexander
Acosta, Anna M.
McNamara, Lucy
Soeters, Heidi M.
Mbaeyi, Sarah
Marjuki, Henju
Wang, Xin
Genomic Insights on Variation Underlying Capsule Expression in Meningococcal Carriage Isolates From University Students, United States, 2015–2016
title Genomic Insights on Variation Underlying Capsule Expression in Meningococcal Carriage Isolates From University Students, United States, 2015–2016
title_full Genomic Insights on Variation Underlying Capsule Expression in Meningococcal Carriage Isolates From University Students, United States, 2015–2016
title_fullStr Genomic Insights on Variation Underlying Capsule Expression in Meningococcal Carriage Isolates From University Students, United States, 2015–2016
title_full_unstemmed Genomic Insights on Variation Underlying Capsule Expression in Meningococcal Carriage Isolates From University Students, United States, 2015–2016
title_short Genomic Insights on Variation Underlying Capsule Expression in Meningococcal Carriage Isolates From University Students, United States, 2015–2016
title_sort genomic insights on variation underlying capsule expression in meningococcal carriage isolates from university students, united states, 2015–2016
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8893959/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35250931
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.815044
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