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Molecular Characteristics of Regional Chromoblastomycosis in Guangdong, China: Epidemiological, Clinical, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Serum Cytokine Profiles of 45 Cases

Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a chronic disease caused by several species of dematiaceous fungi. In this study, a regional collection of 45 CBM cases was conducted in Guangdong, China, a hyper-endemic area of CBM. Epidemiology findings indicated that the mean age of cases was 61.38 ± 11.20 years, lon...

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Autores principales: Liu, Hongfang, Sun, Jiufeng, Li, Minying, Cai, Wenying, Chen, Yangxia, Liu, Yinghui, Huang, Huan, Xie, Zhenmou, Zeng, Weiying, Xi, Liyan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8894709/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35252030
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.810604
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author Liu, Hongfang
Sun, Jiufeng
Li, Minying
Cai, Wenying
Chen, Yangxia
Liu, Yinghui
Huang, Huan
Xie, Zhenmou
Zeng, Weiying
Xi, Liyan
author_facet Liu, Hongfang
Sun, Jiufeng
Li, Minying
Cai, Wenying
Chen, Yangxia
Liu, Yinghui
Huang, Huan
Xie, Zhenmou
Zeng, Weiying
Xi, Liyan
author_sort Liu, Hongfang
collection PubMed
description Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a chronic disease caused by several species of dematiaceous fungi. In this study, a regional collection of 45 CBM cases was conducted in Guangdong, China, a hyper-endemic area of CBM. Epidemiology findings indicated that the mean age of cases was 61.38 ± 11.20 years, long duration ranged from 3 months to 30 years, and the gender ratio of male to female was 4.6:1. Thirteen cases (29%) declared underlying diseases. Verrucous form was the most common clinical manifestation (n = 19, 42%). Forty-five corresponding clinical strains were isolated, and 28 of them (62%) were identified as F. monophora; the remaining 17 (38%) were identified as F. nubica through ITS rDNA sequence analysis. Antifungal susceptibility tests in vitro showed low MICs in azoles (PCZ 0.015–0.25 μg/ml, VCZ 0.015–0.5 μg/ml, and ITZ 0.03–0.5 μg/ml) and TRB (0.015–1 μg/ml). Itraconazole combined with terbinafine was the main therapeutic strategy used for 31 of 45 cases, and 68% (n = 21) of them improved or were cured. Cytokine profile assays indicated upregulation of IL-4, IL-7, IL-15, IL-11, and IL-17, while downregulation of IL-1RA, MIP-1β, IL-8, and IL-16 compared to healthy donors (p < 0.05). The abnormal cytokine profiles indicated impaired immune response to eliminate fungus in CBM cases, which probably contributed to the chronic duration of this disease. In conclusion, we investigated the molecular epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of CBM in Guangdong, China, which may assist further clinical therapy, as well as fundamental pathogenesis studies of CBM.
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spelling pubmed-88947092022-03-05 Molecular Characteristics of Regional Chromoblastomycosis in Guangdong, China: Epidemiological, Clinical, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Serum Cytokine Profiles of 45 Cases Liu, Hongfang Sun, Jiufeng Li, Minying Cai, Wenying Chen, Yangxia Liu, Yinghui Huang, Huan Xie, Zhenmou Zeng, Weiying Xi, Liyan Front Cell Infect Microbiol Cellular and Infection Microbiology Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a chronic disease caused by several species of dematiaceous fungi. In this study, a regional collection of 45 CBM cases was conducted in Guangdong, China, a hyper-endemic area of CBM. Epidemiology findings indicated that the mean age of cases was 61.38 ± 11.20 years, long duration ranged from 3 months to 30 years, and the gender ratio of male to female was 4.6:1. Thirteen cases (29%) declared underlying diseases. Verrucous form was the most common clinical manifestation (n = 19, 42%). Forty-five corresponding clinical strains were isolated, and 28 of them (62%) were identified as F. monophora; the remaining 17 (38%) were identified as F. nubica through ITS rDNA sequence analysis. Antifungal susceptibility tests in vitro showed low MICs in azoles (PCZ 0.015–0.25 μg/ml, VCZ 0.015–0.5 μg/ml, and ITZ 0.03–0.5 μg/ml) and TRB (0.015–1 μg/ml). Itraconazole combined with terbinafine was the main therapeutic strategy used for 31 of 45 cases, and 68% (n = 21) of them improved or were cured. Cytokine profile assays indicated upregulation of IL-4, IL-7, IL-15, IL-11, and IL-17, while downregulation of IL-1RA, MIP-1β, IL-8, and IL-16 compared to healthy donors (p < 0.05). The abnormal cytokine profiles indicated impaired immune response to eliminate fungus in CBM cases, which probably contributed to the chronic duration of this disease. In conclusion, we investigated the molecular epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of CBM in Guangdong, China, which may assist further clinical therapy, as well as fundamental pathogenesis studies of CBM. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-02-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8894709/ /pubmed/35252030 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.810604 Text en Copyright © 2022 Liu, Sun, Li, Cai, Chen, Liu, Huang, Xie, Zeng and Xi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Liu, Hongfang
Sun, Jiufeng
Li, Minying
Cai, Wenying
Chen, Yangxia
Liu, Yinghui
Huang, Huan
Xie, Zhenmou
Zeng, Weiying
Xi, Liyan
Molecular Characteristics of Regional Chromoblastomycosis in Guangdong, China: Epidemiological, Clinical, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Serum Cytokine Profiles of 45 Cases
title Molecular Characteristics of Regional Chromoblastomycosis in Guangdong, China: Epidemiological, Clinical, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Serum Cytokine Profiles of 45 Cases
title_full Molecular Characteristics of Regional Chromoblastomycosis in Guangdong, China: Epidemiological, Clinical, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Serum Cytokine Profiles of 45 Cases
title_fullStr Molecular Characteristics of Regional Chromoblastomycosis in Guangdong, China: Epidemiological, Clinical, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Serum Cytokine Profiles of 45 Cases
title_full_unstemmed Molecular Characteristics of Regional Chromoblastomycosis in Guangdong, China: Epidemiological, Clinical, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Serum Cytokine Profiles of 45 Cases
title_short Molecular Characteristics of Regional Chromoblastomycosis in Guangdong, China: Epidemiological, Clinical, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Serum Cytokine Profiles of 45 Cases
title_sort molecular characteristics of regional chromoblastomycosis in guangdong, china: epidemiological, clinical, antifungal susceptibility, and serum cytokine profiles of 45 cases
topic Cellular and Infection Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8894709/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35252030
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.810604
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