Thymoma-Associated Pure Red Cell Aplasia Following Femoral Neck Fracture

Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a rare hematopoietic disease presenting with severe anemia and a marked decrease in reticulocytes and bone marrow erythroblasts. Thymomas are the most common underlying cause of chronic PRCA and have been implicated in the development of other autoimmune diseases. However, the pathogenesis and mechanisms underlying the development of thymoma-associated PRCA remain unclear. Herein, we present a case of thymoma-associated PRCA in a patient who developed progressive anemia after a femoral neck fracture. The absence of severe anemia and the rapid progression of anemia over a two-month period suggested that the fracture and subsequent surgery may have triggered thymoma-associated PRCA. The patient was treated with cyclosporine and Primobolan but remained dependent on red blood cell transfusion.