Identification of risk factors involved in recurrence after common bile duct stone removal with ERCP: A retrospective observational study

Recurrent stone detection is common after endoscopic treatment of common bile duct stones (CBDS). This study aimed to identify the risk factors for recurrence of CBDS. We retrospectively evaluated 14 patients who underwent endoscopic treatment for CBDS. Risk factors for single and multiple recurrent CBDSs were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Endoscopic and needle-knife precut sphincterotomy was performed in 506 and 112 patients, respectively. There was 1 recurrence in 85 patients (13.8%), 2 recurrences in 23 patients (3.7%), and 3 recurrences in 9 patients (1.5%). According to the multivariate analyses, being older than 65 years (odds ratio [OR] 1.084, P = .000), concomitant heart disease (OR 2.528, P = .002), concomitant lung disease (OR 1.766, P = .035), a large common bile duct diameter (OR 1.347, P = .000), presence of cholelithiasis (OR 1.752, P = .018), stent (OR 1.794, P = .023), or T-tube placement in the common bile duct (OR 47.385, P = .000), and prolongation of the procedure (OR 1.037, P = .000) increased the risk of recurrence, while having undergone cholecystectomy due to gallstones (OR 1.645, P = .042). The mean stone diameter (P = .059), nitroglycerin use (P = .129), and periampullary diverticulum (P = .891) did not increase the risk of recurrent CBDS. The probability of multiple recurrences after the first recurrence of CBDS increased with age >65 years, concomitant heart/lung diseases, stent/T-tube placement in the common bile duct, a wide common bile duct (≥10 mm), and cholelithiasis.