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Embryonic Hypotaurine Levels Contribute to Strain-Dependent Susceptibility in Mouse Models of Valproate-Induced Neural Tube Defects
Valproic acid (VPA, valproate, Depakote) is a commonly used anti-seizure medication (ASM) in the treatment of epilepsy and a variety of other neurological disorders. While VPA and other ASMs are efficacious for management of seizures, they also increase the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, inclu...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8898900/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35265619 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.832492 |
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author | Steele, John W. Lin, Ying Linda Chen, Nellie Wlodarczyk, Bogdan J. Chen, Qiuying Attarwala, Nabeel Venkatesalu, Madhu Cabrera, Robert M. Gross, Steven S. Finnell, Richard H. |
author_facet | Steele, John W. Lin, Ying Linda Chen, Nellie Wlodarczyk, Bogdan J. Chen, Qiuying Attarwala, Nabeel Venkatesalu, Madhu Cabrera, Robert M. Gross, Steven S. Finnell, Richard H. |
author_sort | Steele, John W. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Valproic acid (VPA, valproate, Depakote) is a commonly used anti-seizure medication (ASM) in the treatment of epilepsy and a variety of other neurological disorders. While VPA and other ASMs are efficacious for management of seizures, they also increase the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, including neural tube defects (NTDs). Thus, the utility of these drugs during pregnancy and in women of childbearing potential presents a continuing public health challenge. Elucidating the underlying genetic or metabolic risk factors for VPA-affected pregnancies may lead to development of non-teratogenic ASMs, novel prevention strategies, or more targeted methods for managing epileptic pregnancies. To address this challenge, we performed unbiased, whole embryo metabolomic screening of E8.5 mouse embryos from two inbred strains with differential susceptibility to VPA-induced NTDs. We identified metabolites of differential abundance between the two strains, both in response to VPA exposure and in the vehicle controls. Notable enriched pathways included lipid metabolism, carnitine metabolism, and several amino acid pathways, especially cysteine and methionine metabolism. There also was increased abundance of ω-oxidation products of VPA in the more NTD-sensitive strain, suggesting differential metabolism of the drug. Finally, we found significantly reduced levels of hypotaurine in the susceptible strain regardless of VPA status. Based on this information, we hypothesized that maternal supplementation with L-carnitine (400 mg/kg), coenzyme A (200 mg/kg), or hypotaurine (350 mg/kg) would reduce VPA-induced NTDs in the sensitive strain and found that administration of hypotaurine prior to VPA exposure significantly reduced the occurrence of NTDs by close to one-third compared to controls. L-carnitine and coenzyme A reduced resorption rates but did not significantly reduce NTD risk in the sensitive strain. These results suggest that genetic variants or environmental exposures influencing embryonic hypotaurine status may be factors in determining risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes when managing the health care needs of pregnant women exposed to VPA or other ASMs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8898900 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88989002022-03-08 Embryonic Hypotaurine Levels Contribute to Strain-Dependent Susceptibility in Mouse Models of Valproate-Induced Neural Tube Defects Steele, John W. Lin, Ying Linda Chen, Nellie Wlodarczyk, Bogdan J. Chen, Qiuying Attarwala, Nabeel Venkatesalu, Madhu Cabrera, Robert M. Gross, Steven S. Finnell, Richard H. Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology Valproic acid (VPA, valproate, Depakote) is a commonly used anti-seizure medication (ASM) in the treatment of epilepsy and a variety of other neurological disorders. While VPA and other ASMs are efficacious for management of seizures, they also increase the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, including neural tube defects (NTDs). Thus, the utility of these drugs during pregnancy and in women of childbearing potential presents a continuing public health challenge. Elucidating the underlying genetic or metabolic risk factors for VPA-affected pregnancies may lead to development of non-teratogenic ASMs, novel prevention strategies, or more targeted methods for managing epileptic pregnancies. To address this challenge, we performed unbiased, whole embryo metabolomic screening of E8.5 mouse embryos from two inbred strains with differential susceptibility to VPA-induced NTDs. We identified metabolites of differential abundance between the two strains, both in response to VPA exposure and in the vehicle controls. Notable enriched pathways included lipid metabolism, carnitine metabolism, and several amino acid pathways, especially cysteine and methionine metabolism. There also was increased abundance of ω-oxidation products of VPA in the more NTD-sensitive strain, suggesting differential metabolism of the drug. Finally, we found significantly reduced levels of hypotaurine in the susceptible strain regardless of VPA status. Based on this information, we hypothesized that maternal supplementation with L-carnitine (400 mg/kg), coenzyme A (200 mg/kg), or hypotaurine (350 mg/kg) would reduce VPA-induced NTDs in the sensitive strain and found that administration of hypotaurine prior to VPA exposure significantly reduced the occurrence of NTDs by close to one-third compared to controls. L-carnitine and coenzyme A reduced resorption rates but did not significantly reduce NTD risk in the sensitive strain. These results suggest that genetic variants or environmental exposures influencing embryonic hypotaurine status may be factors in determining risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes when managing the health care needs of pregnant women exposed to VPA or other ASMs. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-02-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8898900/ /pubmed/35265619 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.832492 Text en Copyright © 2022 Steele, Lin, Chen, Wlodarczyk, Chen, Attarwala, Venkatesalu, Cabrera, Gross and Finnell. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Cell and Developmental Biology Steele, John W. Lin, Ying Linda Chen, Nellie Wlodarczyk, Bogdan J. Chen, Qiuying Attarwala, Nabeel Venkatesalu, Madhu Cabrera, Robert M. Gross, Steven S. Finnell, Richard H. Embryonic Hypotaurine Levels Contribute to Strain-Dependent Susceptibility in Mouse Models of Valproate-Induced Neural Tube Defects |
title | Embryonic Hypotaurine Levels Contribute to Strain-Dependent Susceptibility in Mouse Models of Valproate-Induced Neural Tube Defects |
title_full | Embryonic Hypotaurine Levels Contribute to Strain-Dependent Susceptibility in Mouse Models of Valproate-Induced Neural Tube Defects |
title_fullStr | Embryonic Hypotaurine Levels Contribute to Strain-Dependent Susceptibility in Mouse Models of Valproate-Induced Neural Tube Defects |
title_full_unstemmed | Embryonic Hypotaurine Levels Contribute to Strain-Dependent Susceptibility in Mouse Models of Valproate-Induced Neural Tube Defects |
title_short | Embryonic Hypotaurine Levels Contribute to Strain-Dependent Susceptibility in Mouse Models of Valproate-Induced Neural Tube Defects |
title_sort | embryonic hypotaurine levels contribute to strain-dependent susceptibility in mouse models of valproate-induced neural tube defects |
topic | Cell and Developmental Biology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8898900/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35265619 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.832492 |
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