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The Effects of Drugs on Behavior Maintained by Social Contact: Role of Monoamines in Social Reinforcement

Drug use is highly concordant among members of adolescent and young adult peer groups. One potential explanation for this observation is that drugs may increase the reinforcing effects of social contact, leading to greater motivation to establish and maintain contact with other members of the peer g...

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Autores principales: Sharp, Jessica L., Smith, Mark A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8899311/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35264935
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2021.805139
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author Sharp, Jessica L.
Smith, Mark A.
author_facet Sharp, Jessica L.
Smith, Mark A.
author_sort Sharp, Jessica L.
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description Drug use is highly concordant among members of adolescent and young adult peer groups. One potential explanation for this observation is that drugs may increase the reinforcing effects of social contact, leading to greater motivation to establish and maintain contact with other members of the peer group. Several classes of drugs, particularly drugs that increase synaptic dopamine, increase the reinforcing effects of contextual stimuli, but the extent to which these drugs enhance the reinforcing effects of social contact is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which drugs that increase synaptic dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin enhance the positive reinforcing effects of social contact. To this end, male and female Long-Evans rats were pretreated with acute doses of the selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor, WIN-35,428, the selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, atomoxetine, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, the non-selective monoamine reuptake inhibitor, cocaine, and the non-selective monoamine releasers d-amphetamine and (±)-MDMA. Ten minutes later, the positive reinforcing effects of 30-s access to a same-sex social partner was examined on a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. To determine whether the reinforcement-altering effects of these drugs were specific to the social stimulus, the reinforcing effects of a non-social stimulus (30-s access to an athletic sock of similar size and coloring as another rat) was determined in control subjects. WIN-35,428, d-amphetamine, and cocaine, but not atomoxetine, fluoxetine, or MDMA, dose-dependently increased breakpoints maintained by a social partner under conditions in which responding maintained by a non-social stimulus was not affected. These data indicate that increases in extracellular dopamine, but not extracellular norepinephrine or serotonin, increases the positive reinforcing effects of social contact in both male and female rats. These data also provide support for the hypothesis that some drugs with high abuse liability increase the motivation to establish and maintain contact with social peers.
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spelling pubmed-88993112022-03-08 The Effects of Drugs on Behavior Maintained by Social Contact: Role of Monoamines in Social Reinforcement Sharp, Jessica L. Smith, Mark A. Front Behav Neurosci Behavioral Neuroscience Drug use is highly concordant among members of adolescent and young adult peer groups. One potential explanation for this observation is that drugs may increase the reinforcing effects of social contact, leading to greater motivation to establish and maintain contact with other members of the peer group. Several classes of drugs, particularly drugs that increase synaptic dopamine, increase the reinforcing effects of contextual stimuli, but the extent to which these drugs enhance the reinforcing effects of social contact is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which drugs that increase synaptic dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin enhance the positive reinforcing effects of social contact. To this end, male and female Long-Evans rats were pretreated with acute doses of the selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor, WIN-35,428, the selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, atomoxetine, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, the non-selective monoamine reuptake inhibitor, cocaine, and the non-selective monoamine releasers d-amphetamine and (±)-MDMA. Ten minutes later, the positive reinforcing effects of 30-s access to a same-sex social partner was examined on a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. To determine whether the reinforcement-altering effects of these drugs were specific to the social stimulus, the reinforcing effects of a non-social stimulus (30-s access to an athletic sock of similar size and coloring as another rat) was determined in control subjects. WIN-35,428, d-amphetamine, and cocaine, but not atomoxetine, fluoxetine, or MDMA, dose-dependently increased breakpoints maintained by a social partner under conditions in which responding maintained by a non-social stimulus was not affected. These data indicate that increases in extracellular dopamine, but not extracellular norepinephrine or serotonin, increases the positive reinforcing effects of social contact in both male and female rats. These data also provide support for the hypothesis that some drugs with high abuse liability increase the motivation to establish and maintain contact with social peers. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-02-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8899311/ /pubmed/35264935 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2021.805139 Text en Copyright © 2022 Sharp and Smith. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Behavioral Neuroscience
Sharp, Jessica L.
Smith, Mark A.
The Effects of Drugs on Behavior Maintained by Social Contact: Role of Monoamines in Social Reinforcement
title The Effects of Drugs on Behavior Maintained by Social Contact: Role of Monoamines in Social Reinforcement
title_full The Effects of Drugs on Behavior Maintained by Social Contact: Role of Monoamines in Social Reinforcement
title_fullStr The Effects of Drugs on Behavior Maintained by Social Contact: Role of Monoamines in Social Reinforcement
title_full_unstemmed The Effects of Drugs on Behavior Maintained by Social Contact: Role of Monoamines in Social Reinforcement
title_short The Effects of Drugs on Behavior Maintained by Social Contact: Role of Monoamines in Social Reinforcement
title_sort effects of drugs on behavior maintained by social contact: role of monoamines in social reinforcement
topic Behavioral Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8899311/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35264935
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2021.805139
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