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An uncommon cause of tinea: Trichophyton violaceum in a German kindergarten – outbreak report and quantitative analysis of epidemiological data from Europe

Background: Global mobility is increasingly associated with the emergence of “unusual” infectious agents. At the beginning of 2019, a putative outbreak of Impetigo contagiosa occurred in a kindergarten in Regensburg, Germany, that was mainly attended by children with a migrant background. After thor...

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Autores principales: Feußner, Claudia, Karrer, Sigrid, Lampl, Benedikt M. J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8899716/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35284206
http://dx.doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000405
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author Feußner, Claudia
Karrer, Sigrid
Lampl, Benedikt M. J.
author_facet Feußner, Claudia
Karrer, Sigrid
Lampl, Benedikt M. J.
author_sort Feußner, Claudia
collection PubMed
description Background: Global mobility is increasingly associated with the emergence of “unusual” infectious agents. At the beginning of 2019, a putative outbreak of Impetigo contagiosa occurred in a kindergarten in Regensburg, Germany, that was mainly attended by children with a migrant background. After thorough examination, the outbreak was classified as infection with Trichophyton (T.) violaceum. Methods: Based on case investigations, infection control measures, disinfection, and cleaning were implemented. Microscopy of native specimens, fungal cultures, and polymerase chain reaction were used for diagnosis. Additionally, a systematic literature search in Medline, followed by a quantitative analysis of epidemiological data from Europe, were performed. Results: Between January and November 2019, 12 cases of tinea were diagnosed in 7 educators and 2 household members. Children were initially not affected. T. violaceum was only detected in 2 patients. No extensive screening measures were carried out after risk-benefit assessment. Studies on T. violaceum in Europe are heterogeneous, and the number of cases and the prevalence vary considerably. The pathogen is mainly found in children of African descent who clinically present with tinea capitis. Discussion: In the present case, the source of infection and the chain of transmission remained unclear. The pathogen could only be diagnosed in 2 cases. In Europe, the (re)emergence of pathogens such as T. violaceum is likely to be caused by increasing migration and travel. Pathogens should be identified for epidemiological reasons in all cases. In outbreaks, measures must be adapted to the dynamics of the individual outbreak after assessment of the risks, benefits, and proportionality.
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spelling pubmed-88997162022-03-11 An uncommon cause of tinea: Trichophyton violaceum in a German kindergarten – outbreak report and quantitative analysis of epidemiological data from Europe Feußner, Claudia Karrer, Sigrid Lampl, Benedikt M. J. GMS Hyg Infect Control Article Background: Global mobility is increasingly associated with the emergence of “unusual” infectious agents. At the beginning of 2019, a putative outbreak of Impetigo contagiosa occurred in a kindergarten in Regensburg, Germany, that was mainly attended by children with a migrant background. After thorough examination, the outbreak was classified as infection with Trichophyton (T.) violaceum. Methods: Based on case investigations, infection control measures, disinfection, and cleaning were implemented. Microscopy of native specimens, fungal cultures, and polymerase chain reaction were used for diagnosis. Additionally, a systematic literature search in Medline, followed by a quantitative analysis of epidemiological data from Europe, were performed. Results: Between January and November 2019, 12 cases of tinea were diagnosed in 7 educators and 2 household members. Children were initially not affected. T. violaceum was only detected in 2 patients. No extensive screening measures were carried out after risk-benefit assessment. Studies on T. violaceum in Europe are heterogeneous, and the number of cases and the prevalence vary considerably. The pathogen is mainly found in children of African descent who clinically present with tinea capitis. Discussion: In the present case, the source of infection and the chain of transmission remained unclear. The pathogen could only be diagnosed in 2 cases. In Europe, the (re)emergence of pathogens such as T. violaceum is likely to be caused by increasing migration and travel. Pathogens should be identified for epidemiological reasons in all cases. In outbreaks, measures must be adapted to the dynamics of the individual outbreak after assessment of the risks, benefits, and proportionality. German Medical Science GMS Publishing House 2022-01-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8899716/ /pubmed/35284206 http://dx.doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000405 Text en Copyright © 2022 Feußner et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. See license information at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Feußner, Claudia
Karrer, Sigrid
Lampl, Benedikt M. J.
An uncommon cause of tinea: Trichophyton violaceum in a German kindergarten – outbreak report and quantitative analysis of epidemiological data from Europe
title An uncommon cause of tinea: Trichophyton violaceum in a German kindergarten – outbreak report and quantitative analysis of epidemiological data from Europe
title_full An uncommon cause of tinea: Trichophyton violaceum in a German kindergarten – outbreak report and quantitative analysis of epidemiological data from Europe
title_fullStr An uncommon cause of tinea: Trichophyton violaceum in a German kindergarten – outbreak report and quantitative analysis of epidemiological data from Europe
title_full_unstemmed An uncommon cause of tinea: Trichophyton violaceum in a German kindergarten – outbreak report and quantitative analysis of epidemiological data from Europe
title_short An uncommon cause of tinea: Trichophyton violaceum in a German kindergarten – outbreak report and quantitative analysis of epidemiological data from Europe
title_sort uncommon cause of tinea: trichophyton violaceum in a german kindergarten – outbreak report and quantitative analysis of epidemiological data from europe
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8899716/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35284206
http://dx.doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000405
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