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Mucosal bacterial dysbiosis in patients with nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in the terminal ileum

BACKGROUND: Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) in the small intestine is a rare benign lesion characterized by multiple small nodules on the intestinal surface. Patients with terminal ileal NLH may experience long-term abdominal pain, diarrhea, and abdominal distension, among other symptoms. Supplem...

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Autores principales: Jiang, Qiao-Li, Lu, You, Zhang, Meng-Jie, Cui, Zhen-Yu, Pei, Zhong-Mei, Li, Wen-Hua, Lu, Lun-Gen, Wang, Jing-Jing, Lu, Ying-Ying
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8900573/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35317097
http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v28.i8.811
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author Jiang, Qiao-Li
Lu, You
Zhang, Meng-Jie
Cui, Zhen-Yu
Pei, Zhong-Mei
Li, Wen-Hua
Lu, Lun-Gen
Wang, Jing-Jing
Lu, Ying-Ying
author_facet Jiang, Qiao-Li
Lu, You
Zhang, Meng-Jie
Cui, Zhen-Yu
Pei, Zhong-Mei
Li, Wen-Hua
Lu, Lun-Gen
Wang, Jing-Jing
Lu, Ying-Ying
author_sort Jiang, Qiao-Li
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) in the small intestine is a rare benign lesion characterized by multiple small nodules on the intestinal surface. Patients with terminal ileal NLH may experience long-term abdominal pain, diarrhea, and abdominal distension, among other symptoms. Supplementation with probiotics could mitigate these symptoms. NLH is linked to the immune system, and it may result from accumulation of plasma-cell precursors due to a maturational defect during the development of B lymphocytes. The intestinal microbiome plays an essential role in the immune system. Thus, we speculate that the gut flora plays a key role in terminal ileal NLH. AIM: To explore the correlation between intestinal flora and terminal ileal NLH. METHODS: We collected mucosal biopsy samples that were obtained via colonoscopy from 15 patients with terminal ileal NLH (the test group) and 15 normal subjects (the control group). We subsequently performed 16S-rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of these samples, and the results were evaluated using alpha diversity, beta diversity and microbial composition analyses. The Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States was used to predict the metabolic pathways and orthologous groups according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the terminal ileal NLH group showed an increased alpha diversity (P < 0.05). The overall intestinal microbiota in the NLH group was significantly different from that of the control group (P < 0.05), implying that there was the dysbiosis in the terminal ileal NLH patients. The relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes was significantly lower in the NLH group, while that of Patescibacteria and Campilobacterota was significantly higher. The genus Bacteroides was the dominant gut microbiota in both groups, but its abundance was significantly lower in the test group than it was in the control group. Conversely, the relative abundances of Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Actinomyces, TM7X, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas, Granulicatella, Helicobacter, and the [Eubacterium] nodatum group were significantly higher in the test group than they were in the control group. In addition, several altered metabolic pathways, orthologous groups, and modules were found. For example, the Peptidoglycan biosynthesis and Aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis were both increased in the test group. CONCLUSION: Maintaining the microbial balance and supplementing targeted protective bacteria could improve symptoms and potentially reduce the risk of lymphoma transformation in patients with terminal ileal NLH.
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spelling pubmed-89005732022-03-21 Mucosal bacterial dysbiosis in patients with nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in the terminal ileum Jiang, Qiao-Li Lu, You Zhang, Meng-Jie Cui, Zhen-Yu Pei, Zhong-Mei Li, Wen-Hua Lu, Lun-Gen Wang, Jing-Jing Lu, Ying-Ying World J Gastroenterol Basic Study BACKGROUND: Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) in the small intestine is a rare benign lesion characterized by multiple small nodules on the intestinal surface. Patients with terminal ileal NLH may experience long-term abdominal pain, diarrhea, and abdominal distension, among other symptoms. Supplementation with probiotics could mitigate these symptoms. NLH is linked to the immune system, and it may result from accumulation of plasma-cell precursors due to a maturational defect during the development of B lymphocytes. The intestinal microbiome plays an essential role in the immune system. Thus, we speculate that the gut flora plays a key role in terminal ileal NLH. AIM: To explore the correlation between intestinal flora and terminal ileal NLH. METHODS: We collected mucosal biopsy samples that were obtained via colonoscopy from 15 patients with terminal ileal NLH (the test group) and 15 normal subjects (the control group). We subsequently performed 16S-rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of these samples, and the results were evaluated using alpha diversity, beta diversity and microbial composition analyses. The Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States was used to predict the metabolic pathways and orthologous groups according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the terminal ileal NLH group showed an increased alpha diversity (P < 0.05). The overall intestinal microbiota in the NLH group was significantly different from that of the control group (P < 0.05), implying that there was the dysbiosis in the terminal ileal NLH patients. The relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes was significantly lower in the NLH group, while that of Patescibacteria and Campilobacterota was significantly higher. The genus Bacteroides was the dominant gut microbiota in both groups, but its abundance was significantly lower in the test group than it was in the control group. Conversely, the relative abundances of Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Actinomyces, TM7X, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas, Granulicatella, Helicobacter, and the [Eubacterium] nodatum group were significantly higher in the test group than they were in the control group. In addition, several altered metabolic pathways, orthologous groups, and modules were found. For example, the Peptidoglycan biosynthesis and Aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis were both increased in the test group. CONCLUSION: Maintaining the microbial balance and supplementing targeted protective bacteria could improve symptoms and potentially reduce the risk of lymphoma transformation in patients with terminal ileal NLH. Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2022-02-28 2022-02-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8900573/ /pubmed/35317097 http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v28.i8.811 Text en ©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
spellingShingle Basic Study
Jiang, Qiao-Li
Lu, You
Zhang, Meng-Jie
Cui, Zhen-Yu
Pei, Zhong-Mei
Li, Wen-Hua
Lu, Lun-Gen
Wang, Jing-Jing
Lu, Ying-Ying
Mucosal bacterial dysbiosis in patients with nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in the terminal ileum
title Mucosal bacterial dysbiosis in patients with nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in the terminal ileum
title_full Mucosal bacterial dysbiosis in patients with nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in the terminal ileum
title_fullStr Mucosal bacterial dysbiosis in patients with nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in the terminal ileum
title_full_unstemmed Mucosal bacterial dysbiosis in patients with nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in the terminal ileum
title_short Mucosal bacterial dysbiosis in patients with nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in the terminal ileum
title_sort mucosal bacterial dysbiosis in patients with nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in the terminal ileum
topic Basic Study
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8900573/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35317097
http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v28.i8.811
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