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Tuning the Consonance of Microscopic Neuro-Cardiac Interactions Allows the Heart Beats to Play Countless Genres

Different from skeletal muscle, the heart autonomously generates rhythmic contraction independently from neuronal inputs. However, speed and strength of the heartbeats are continuously modulated by environmental, physical or emotional inputs, delivered by cardiac innervating sympathetic neurons, whi...

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Autores principales: Franzoso, Mauro, Dokshokova, Lolita, Vitiello, Libero, Zaglia, Tania, Mongillo, Marco
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8902305/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35273522
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.841740
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author Franzoso, Mauro
Dokshokova, Lolita
Vitiello, Libero
Zaglia, Tania
Mongillo, Marco
author_facet Franzoso, Mauro
Dokshokova, Lolita
Vitiello, Libero
Zaglia, Tania
Mongillo, Marco
author_sort Franzoso, Mauro
collection PubMed
description Different from skeletal muscle, the heart autonomously generates rhythmic contraction independently from neuronal inputs. However, speed and strength of the heartbeats are continuously modulated by environmental, physical or emotional inputs, delivered by cardiac innervating sympathetic neurons, which tune cardiomyocyte (CM) function, through activation of β-adrenoceptors (β-ARs). Given the centrality of such mechanism in heart regulation, β-AR signaling has been subject of intense research, which has reconciled the molecular details of the transduction pathway and the fine architecture of cAMP signaling in subcellular nanodomains, with its final effects on CM function. The importance of mechanisms keeping the elements of β-AR/cAMP signaling in good order emerges in pathology, when the loss of proper organization of the transduction pathway leads to detuned β-AR/cAMP signaling, with detrimental consequences on CM function. Despite the compelling advancements in decoding cardiac β-AR/cAMP signaling, most discoveries on the subject were obtained in isolated cells, somehow neglecting that complexity may encompass the means in which receptors are activated in the intact heart. Here, we outline a set of data indicating that, in the context of the whole myocardium, the heart orchestra (CMs) is directed by a closely interacting and continuously attentive conductor, represented by SNs. After a roundup of literature on CM cAMP regulation, we focus on the unexpected complexity and roles of cardiac sympathetic innervation, and present the recently discovered Neuro-Cardiac Junction, as the election site of “SN-CM” interaction. We further discuss how neuro-cardiac communication is based on the combination of extra- and intra-cellular signaling micro/nano-domains, implicating neuronal neurotransmitter exocytosis, β-ARs and elements of cAMP homeostasis in CMs, and speculate on how their dysregulation may reflect on dysfunctional neurogenic control of the heart in pathology.
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spelling pubmed-89023052022-03-09 Tuning the Consonance of Microscopic Neuro-Cardiac Interactions Allows the Heart Beats to Play Countless Genres Franzoso, Mauro Dokshokova, Lolita Vitiello, Libero Zaglia, Tania Mongillo, Marco Front Physiol Physiology Different from skeletal muscle, the heart autonomously generates rhythmic contraction independently from neuronal inputs. However, speed and strength of the heartbeats are continuously modulated by environmental, physical or emotional inputs, delivered by cardiac innervating sympathetic neurons, which tune cardiomyocyte (CM) function, through activation of β-adrenoceptors (β-ARs). Given the centrality of such mechanism in heart regulation, β-AR signaling has been subject of intense research, which has reconciled the molecular details of the transduction pathway and the fine architecture of cAMP signaling in subcellular nanodomains, with its final effects on CM function. The importance of mechanisms keeping the elements of β-AR/cAMP signaling in good order emerges in pathology, when the loss of proper organization of the transduction pathway leads to detuned β-AR/cAMP signaling, with detrimental consequences on CM function. Despite the compelling advancements in decoding cardiac β-AR/cAMP signaling, most discoveries on the subject were obtained in isolated cells, somehow neglecting that complexity may encompass the means in which receptors are activated in the intact heart. Here, we outline a set of data indicating that, in the context of the whole myocardium, the heart orchestra (CMs) is directed by a closely interacting and continuously attentive conductor, represented by SNs. After a roundup of literature on CM cAMP regulation, we focus on the unexpected complexity and roles of cardiac sympathetic innervation, and present the recently discovered Neuro-Cardiac Junction, as the election site of “SN-CM” interaction. We further discuss how neuro-cardiac communication is based on the combination of extra- and intra-cellular signaling micro/nano-domains, implicating neuronal neurotransmitter exocytosis, β-ARs and elements of cAMP homeostasis in CMs, and speculate on how their dysregulation may reflect on dysfunctional neurogenic control of the heart in pathology. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-02-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8902305/ /pubmed/35273522 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.841740 Text en Copyright © 2022 Franzoso, Dokshokova, Vitiello, Zaglia and Mongillo. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Franzoso, Mauro
Dokshokova, Lolita
Vitiello, Libero
Zaglia, Tania
Mongillo, Marco
Tuning the Consonance of Microscopic Neuro-Cardiac Interactions Allows the Heart Beats to Play Countless Genres
title Tuning the Consonance of Microscopic Neuro-Cardiac Interactions Allows the Heart Beats to Play Countless Genres
title_full Tuning the Consonance of Microscopic Neuro-Cardiac Interactions Allows the Heart Beats to Play Countless Genres
title_fullStr Tuning the Consonance of Microscopic Neuro-Cardiac Interactions Allows the Heart Beats to Play Countless Genres
title_full_unstemmed Tuning the Consonance of Microscopic Neuro-Cardiac Interactions Allows the Heart Beats to Play Countless Genres
title_short Tuning the Consonance of Microscopic Neuro-Cardiac Interactions Allows the Heart Beats to Play Countless Genres
title_sort tuning the consonance of microscopic neuro-cardiac interactions allows the heart beats to play countless genres
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8902305/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35273522
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.841740
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