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Key thermally dimorphic fungal pathogens: shaping host immunity
Exposure to fungal pathogens from the environment is inevitable and with the number of at-risk populations increasing, the prevalence of invasive fungal infection is on the rise. An interesting group of fungal organisms known as thermally dimorphic fungi predominantly infects immunocompromised indiv...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Royal Society
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8905152/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35259948 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.210219 |
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author | Höft, Maxine A. Duvenage, Lucian Hoving, J. Claire |
author_facet | Höft, Maxine A. Duvenage, Lucian Hoving, J. Claire |
author_sort | Höft, Maxine A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Exposure to fungal pathogens from the environment is inevitable and with the number of at-risk populations increasing, the prevalence of invasive fungal infection is on the rise. An interesting group of fungal organisms known as thermally dimorphic fungi predominantly infects immunocompromised individuals. These potential pathogens are intriguing in that they survive in the environment in one form, mycelial phase, but when entering the host, they are triggered by the change in temperature to switch to a new pathogenic form. Considering the growing prevalence of infection and the need for improved diagnostic and treatment approaches, studies identifying key components of fungal recognition and the innate immune response to these pathogens will significantly contribute to our understanding of disease progression. This review focuses on key endemic dimorphic fungal pathogens that significantly contribute to disease, including Histoplasma, Coccidioides and Talaromyces species. We briefly describe their prevalence, route of infection and clinical presentation. Importantly, we have reviewed the major fungal cell wall components of these dimorphic fungi, the host pattern recognition receptors responsible for recognition and important innate immune responses supporting adaptive immunity and fungal clearance or the failure thereof. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8905152 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | The Royal Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89051522022-03-09 Key thermally dimorphic fungal pathogens: shaping host immunity Höft, Maxine A. Duvenage, Lucian Hoving, J. Claire Open Biol Review Exposure to fungal pathogens from the environment is inevitable and with the number of at-risk populations increasing, the prevalence of invasive fungal infection is on the rise. An interesting group of fungal organisms known as thermally dimorphic fungi predominantly infects immunocompromised individuals. These potential pathogens are intriguing in that they survive in the environment in one form, mycelial phase, but when entering the host, they are triggered by the change in temperature to switch to a new pathogenic form. Considering the growing prevalence of infection and the need for improved diagnostic and treatment approaches, studies identifying key components of fungal recognition and the innate immune response to these pathogens will significantly contribute to our understanding of disease progression. This review focuses on key endemic dimorphic fungal pathogens that significantly contribute to disease, including Histoplasma, Coccidioides and Talaromyces species. We briefly describe their prevalence, route of infection and clinical presentation. Importantly, we have reviewed the major fungal cell wall components of these dimorphic fungi, the host pattern recognition receptors responsible for recognition and important innate immune responses supporting adaptive immunity and fungal clearance or the failure thereof. The Royal Society 2022-03-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8905152/ /pubmed/35259948 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.210219 Text en © 2022 The Authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Review Höft, Maxine A. Duvenage, Lucian Hoving, J. Claire Key thermally dimorphic fungal pathogens: shaping host immunity |
title | Key thermally dimorphic fungal pathogens: shaping host immunity |
title_full | Key thermally dimorphic fungal pathogens: shaping host immunity |
title_fullStr | Key thermally dimorphic fungal pathogens: shaping host immunity |
title_full_unstemmed | Key thermally dimorphic fungal pathogens: shaping host immunity |
title_short | Key thermally dimorphic fungal pathogens: shaping host immunity |
title_sort | key thermally dimorphic fungal pathogens: shaping host immunity |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8905152/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35259948 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.210219 |
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