Pulmonary embolism following the third thoracic tuberculosis surgery: A case report and literature review

BACKGROUND: The study aimed to analyze the clinical effects of pulmonary embolism succeeding a third surgery conducted for multiple recurrences in thoracic tuberculosis (TB). CASE REPORT: A 74‐year‐old female patient developed thoracic tuberculosis and was subsequently treated in our hospital in March 2019, October 2020, and February 2021. The third surgical intervention included anterolateral thoracic lesion resection, internal fixation, posterior spinal tuberculous sinus resection, and debridement with suture. The operative time was 172 min resulting in a substantial intraoperative blood loss (2321 ml). Postoperative re‐examination of chest CTPA indicated a strip filling defect and pulmonary embolism in the external branch of the right middle lobe of the lung. After completing the active treatment, the D‐dimer quantification, WBC, CRP, and ESR values were 1261 ng/ml, 7.71 × 10(9)/L, 74.66 mg/L, and 63 mm, respectively. Chest CTPA re‐examination after the treatment showed no signs of pulmonary embolism. CONCLUSION: Patients with a long‐term history of multiple operations, high BMI, cerebral infarction, diabetes, and older age group were more likely to develop pulmonary embolism after spinal tuberculosis surgery. Thus, the possibility of postoperative pulmonary embolism should be thoroughly analyzed before any subsequent surgical treatment in patients with recurrent spinal tuberculosis.