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Oxidative Stress-Related Mechanisms in SARS-CoV-2 Infections

The COVID-19 pandemic caused relatively high mortality in patients, especially in those with concomitant diseases (i.e., diabetes, hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)). In most of aforementioned comorbidities, the oxidative stress appears to be an important player in their...

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Autores principales: Wieczfinska, Joanna, Kleniewska, Paulina, Pawliczak, Rafal
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8906126/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35281470
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5589089
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author Wieczfinska, Joanna
Kleniewska, Paulina
Pawliczak, Rafal
author_facet Wieczfinska, Joanna
Kleniewska, Paulina
Pawliczak, Rafal
author_sort Wieczfinska, Joanna
collection PubMed
description The COVID-19 pandemic caused relatively high mortality in patients, especially in those with concomitant diseases (i.e., diabetes, hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)). In most of aforementioned comorbidities, the oxidative stress appears to be an important player in their pathogenesis. The direct cause of death in critically ill patients with COVID-19 is still far from being elucidated. Although some preliminary data suggests that the lung vasculature injury and the loss of the functioning part of pulmonary alveolar population are crucial, the precise mechanism is still unclear. On the other hand, at least two classes of medications used with some clinical benefits in COVID-19 treatment seem to have a major influence on ROS (reactive oxygen species) and RNS (reactive nitrogen species) production. However, oxidative stress is one of the important mechanisms in the antiviral immune response and innate immunity. Therefore, it would be of interest to summarize the data regarding the oxidative stress in severe COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the role of oxidative and antioxidant mechanisms in severe COVID-19 based on available studies. We also present the role of ROS and RNS in other viral infections in humans and in animal models. Although reactive oxygen and nitrogen species play an important role in the innate antiviral immune response, in some situations, they might have a deleterious effect, e.g., in some coronaviral infections. The understanding of the redox mechanisms in severe COVID-19 disease may have an impact on its treatment.
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spelling pubmed-89061262022-03-10 Oxidative Stress-Related Mechanisms in SARS-CoV-2 Infections Wieczfinska, Joanna Kleniewska, Paulina Pawliczak, Rafal Oxid Med Cell Longev Review Article The COVID-19 pandemic caused relatively high mortality in patients, especially in those with concomitant diseases (i.e., diabetes, hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)). In most of aforementioned comorbidities, the oxidative stress appears to be an important player in their pathogenesis. The direct cause of death in critically ill patients with COVID-19 is still far from being elucidated. Although some preliminary data suggests that the lung vasculature injury and the loss of the functioning part of pulmonary alveolar population are crucial, the precise mechanism is still unclear. On the other hand, at least two classes of medications used with some clinical benefits in COVID-19 treatment seem to have a major influence on ROS (reactive oxygen species) and RNS (reactive nitrogen species) production. However, oxidative stress is one of the important mechanisms in the antiviral immune response and innate immunity. Therefore, it would be of interest to summarize the data regarding the oxidative stress in severe COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the role of oxidative and antioxidant mechanisms in severe COVID-19 based on available studies. We also present the role of ROS and RNS in other viral infections in humans and in animal models. Although reactive oxygen and nitrogen species play an important role in the innate antiviral immune response, in some situations, they might have a deleterious effect, e.g., in some coronaviral infections. The understanding of the redox mechanisms in severe COVID-19 disease may have an impact on its treatment. Hindawi 2022-03-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8906126/ /pubmed/35281470 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5589089 Text en Copyright © 2022 Joanna Wieczfinska et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Wieczfinska, Joanna
Kleniewska, Paulina
Pawliczak, Rafal
Oxidative Stress-Related Mechanisms in SARS-CoV-2 Infections
title Oxidative Stress-Related Mechanisms in SARS-CoV-2 Infections
title_full Oxidative Stress-Related Mechanisms in SARS-CoV-2 Infections
title_fullStr Oxidative Stress-Related Mechanisms in SARS-CoV-2 Infections
title_full_unstemmed Oxidative Stress-Related Mechanisms in SARS-CoV-2 Infections
title_short Oxidative Stress-Related Mechanisms in SARS-CoV-2 Infections
title_sort oxidative stress-related mechanisms in sars-cov-2 infections
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8906126/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35281470
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5589089
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