TCR-independent Activation in Presence of a Src-family Kinase Inhibitor Improves CAR-T Cell Product Attributes

Chimeric antigen receptor expressing T cells (CAR-T cells) have shown remarkable efficacy against some blood cancers and have potential to treat many other human diseases. During CAR-T cell manufacturing, T cells are activated via engagement of the T-cell receptor (TCR); however, persistent TCR engagement can induce unchecked activation, differentiation, and exhaustion, which can negatively affect CAR-T cell product quality and in vivo potency. In addition, T cells may not uniformly respond to TCR-dependent activation (TCR(D)) contributing to lot-to-lot variability, poor expansion, and manufacturing failures. TCR(D) also presents challenges during manufacturing of allogeneic CAR-T cells when endogenous TCR is deleted to prevent graft-versus-host disease. Thus, novel strategies to activate T cells may help improve CAR-T cell product attributes and reduce manufacturing failures. In this study, we compared the effect of TCR(D) and TCR-independent activation (TCR(I)) on CAR-T cell product attributes. We found that TCR(I) in presence of a Src-kinase inhibitor significantly improved CAR-T cell expansion and yield without affecting viability and CD4/CD8 ratio. Markers of T-cell activation, exhaustion and differentiation were also reduced in these CAR-T cells compared with CAR-T cells manufactured by TCR(D). TCR(I) did not affect CAR-T cell in vitro potency; however, following co-culture with target cells, CAR-T cells manufactured by TCR(I) released significantly less inflammatory cytokines compared with CAR-T cells manufactured by TCR(D). Together, these data suggest that manufacturing CAR-T cells by TCR(I) activation in the presence of a Src-kinase inhibitor improves product quality attributes and may help reduce manufacturing failures and improve CAR-T cell safety and efficacy in vivo.