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Nonfatal opioid overdoses before and after Covid-19: Regional variation in rates of change
BACKGROUND: The Covid-19 pandemic and its accompanying public-health orders (PHOs) have led to (potentially countervailing) changes in various risk factors for overdose. To assess whether the net effects of these factors varied geographically, we examined regional variation in the impact of the PHOs...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8906602/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35263326 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263893 |
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author | Burgess-Hull, Albert J. Smith, Kirsten E. Panlilio, Leigh V. Schriefer, Destiny Preston, Kenzie L. Alter, Aliese Yeager, Christopher Chizmar, Timothy Delbridge, Ted Zamore, Kenan Beeson, Jeff Epstein, David H. |
author_facet | Burgess-Hull, Albert J. Smith, Kirsten E. Panlilio, Leigh V. Schriefer, Destiny Preston, Kenzie L. Alter, Aliese Yeager, Christopher Chizmar, Timothy Delbridge, Ted Zamore, Kenan Beeson, Jeff Epstein, David H. |
author_sort | Burgess-Hull, Albert J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The Covid-19 pandemic and its accompanying public-health orders (PHOs) have led to (potentially countervailing) changes in various risk factors for overdose. To assess whether the net effects of these factors varied geographically, we examined regional variation in the impact of the PHOs on counts of nonfatal overdoses, which have received less attention than fatal overdoses, despite their public health significance. METHODS: Data were collected from the Overdose Detection Mapping Application Program (ODMAP), which recorded suspected overdoses between July 1, 2018 and October 25, 2020. We used segmented regression models to assess the impact of PHOs on nonfatal-overdose trends in Washington DC and the five geographical regions of Maryland, using a historical control time series to adjust for normative changes in overdoses that occurred around mid-March (when the PHOs were issued). RESULTS: The mean level change in nonfatal opioid overdoses immediately after mid-March was not reliably different in the Covid-19 year versus the preceding control time series for any region. However, the rate of increase in nonfatal overdose was steeper after mid-March in the Covid-19 year versus the preceding year for Maryland as a whole (B = 2.36; 95% CI, 0.65 to 4.06; p = .007) and for certain subregions. No differences were observed for Washington DC. CONCLUSIONS: The pandemic and its accompanying PHOs were associated with steeper increases in nonfatal opioid overdoses in most but not all of the regions we assessed, with a net effect that was deleterious for the Maryland region as a whole. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8906602 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89066022022-03-10 Nonfatal opioid overdoses before and after Covid-19: Regional variation in rates of change Burgess-Hull, Albert J. Smith, Kirsten E. Panlilio, Leigh V. Schriefer, Destiny Preston, Kenzie L. Alter, Aliese Yeager, Christopher Chizmar, Timothy Delbridge, Ted Zamore, Kenan Beeson, Jeff Epstein, David H. PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: The Covid-19 pandemic and its accompanying public-health orders (PHOs) have led to (potentially countervailing) changes in various risk factors for overdose. To assess whether the net effects of these factors varied geographically, we examined regional variation in the impact of the PHOs on counts of nonfatal overdoses, which have received less attention than fatal overdoses, despite their public health significance. METHODS: Data were collected from the Overdose Detection Mapping Application Program (ODMAP), which recorded suspected overdoses between July 1, 2018 and October 25, 2020. We used segmented regression models to assess the impact of PHOs on nonfatal-overdose trends in Washington DC and the five geographical regions of Maryland, using a historical control time series to adjust for normative changes in overdoses that occurred around mid-March (when the PHOs were issued). RESULTS: The mean level change in nonfatal opioid overdoses immediately after mid-March was not reliably different in the Covid-19 year versus the preceding control time series for any region. However, the rate of increase in nonfatal overdose was steeper after mid-March in the Covid-19 year versus the preceding year for Maryland as a whole (B = 2.36; 95% CI, 0.65 to 4.06; p = .007) and for certain subregions. No differences were observed for Washington DC. CONCLUSIONS: The pandemic and its accompanying PHOs were associated with steeper increases in nonfatal opioid overdoses in most but not all of the regions we assessed, with a net effect that was deleterious for the Maryland region as a whole. Public Library of Science 2022-03-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8906602/ /pubmed/35263326 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263893 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) public domain dedication. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Burgess-Hull, Albert J. Smith, Kirsten E. Panlilio, Leigh V. Schriefer, Destiny Preston, Kenzie L. Alter, Aliese Yeager, Christopher Chizmar, Timothy Delbridge, Ted Zamore, Kenan Beeson, Jeff Epstein, David H. Nonfatal opioid overdoses before and after Covid-19: Regional variation in rates of change |
title | Nonfatal opioid overdoses before and after Covid-19: Regional variation in rates of change |
title_full | Nonfatal opioid overdoses before and after Covid-19: Regional variation in rates of change |
title_fullStr | Nonfatal opioid overdoses before and after Covid-19: Regional variation in rates of change |
title_full_unstemmed | Nonfatal opioid overdoses before and after Covid-19: Regional variation in rates of change |
title_short | Nonfatal opioid overdoses before and after Covid-19: Regional variation in rates of change |
title_sort | nonfatal opioid overdoses before and after covid-19: regional variation in rates of change |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8906602/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35263326 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263893 |
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