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Effect of nest composition, experience and nest quality on nest-building behaviour in the Bonelli’s Eagle

In bi-parentally built nests, there is evidence to suggest that nests are extended phenotypic signals that accurately indicate the quality of the building parent/s. Raptors often use a variety of materials to build their nests (natural, such as branches, but also non-natural objects), presumably due...

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Autores principales: Martínez, José E., Zuberogoitia, Íñigo, Calvo, José F., Álvarez, Mario, Margalida, Antoni
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8907159/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35264681
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08028-z
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author Martínez, José E.
Zuberogoitia, Íñigo
Calvo, José F.
Álvarez, Mario
Margalida, Antoni
author_facet Martínez, José E.
Zuberogoitia, Íñigo
Calvo, José F.
Álvarez, Mario
Margalida, Antoni
author_sort Martínez, José E.
collection PubMed
description In bi-parentally built nests, there is evidence to suggest that nests are extended phenotypic signals that accurately indicate the quality of the building parent/s. Raptors often use a variety of materials to build their nests (natural, such as branches, but also non-natural objects), presumably due to their insulating properties, their suitability to advertise occupancy of the nest, and to decrease pathogen and parasite loads. However, in raptors where both sexes collaborate in nest construction, it is unclear whether nest building (taking the amount of material carried to the nest as the potential predictor) is an indicator of parental quality, and whether the effort expended by both sexes could constitute an honest signal of parental quality to their partners. Between 2011 and 2016, we monitored 16 nests of Bonelli’s Eagles (Aquila fasciata), and we examined data on sex, type of material brought to the nest, breeding experience, nest quality, timing, and nest-building investment prior to egg-laying from 32 identifiable Bonelli’s Eagles during the pre-laying period to investigate the relative contribution of the sexes to the amount of nest material gathered. Our results indicate that sex is not a determining factor in nest-building effort, and that females did not increase their parental effort in response to the male’s contribution, and supply of materials did not increase during the pre-laying period. In contrast, our models showed that: (1) the type of material supplied to the nest by both sexes varied significantly throughout the pre-laying period and (2) nest-building effort was determined by individual experience and nest quality. Therefore, our study suggests that male nest-building behaviour and investment by Bonelli’s Eagles cannot be considered as an extended phenotypic signal. The differential use of hard and green material by both sexes in the early and late stages of nest-building period, and the fact that the more experienced individuals contributed a larger amount of material on low quality nests, are discussed in the contexts of signaling nest occupancy to conspecifics and competitors and the decrease of ectoparasite loads during the pre-laying period.
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spelling pubmed-89071592022-03-10 Effect of nest composition, experience and nest quality on nest-building behaviour in the Bonelli’s Eagle Martínez, José E. Zuberogoitia, Íñigo Calvo, José F. Álvarez, Mario Margalida, Antoni Sci Rep Article In bi-parentally built nests, there is evidence to suggest that nests are extended phenotypic signals that accurately indicate the quality of the building parent/s. Raptors often use a variety of materials to build their nests (natural, such as branches, but also non-natural objects), presumably due to their insulating properties, their suitability to advertise occupancy of the nest, and to decrease pathogen and parasite loads. However, in raptors where both sexes collaborate in nest construction, it is unclear whether nest building (taking the amount of material carried to the nest as the potential predictor) is an indicator of parental quality, and whether the effort expended by both sexes could constitute an honest signal of parental quality to their partners. Between 2011 and 2016, we monitored 16 nests of Bonelli’s Eagles (Aquila fasciata), and we examined data on sex, type of material brought to the nest, breeding experience, nest quality, timing, and nest-building investment prior to egg-laying from 32 identifiable Bonelli’s Eagles during the pre-laying period to investigate the relative contribution of the sexes to the amount of nest material gathered. Our results indicate that sex is not a determining factor in nest-building effort, and that females did not increase their parental effort in response to the male’s contribution, and supply of materials did not increase during the pre-laying period. In contrast, our models showed that: (1) the type of material supplied to the nest by both sexes varied significantly throughout the pre-laying period and (2) nest-building effort was determined by individual experience and nest quality. Therefore, our study suggests that male nest-building behaviour and investment by Bonelli’s Eagles cannot be considered as an extended phenotypic signal. The differential use of hard and green material by both sexes in the early and late stages of nest-building period, and the fact that the more experienced individuals contributed a larger amount of material on low quality nests, are discussed in the contexts of signaling nest occupancy to conspecifics and competitors and the decrease of ectoparasite loads during the pre-laying period. Nature Publishing Group UK 2022-03-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8907159/ /pubmed/35264681 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08028-z Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Martínez, José E.
Zuberogoitia, Íñigo
Calvo, José F.
Álvarez, Mario
Margalida, Antoni
Effect of nest composition, experience and nest quality on nest-building behaviour in the Bonelli’s Eagle
title Effect of nest composition, experience and nest quality on nest-building behaviour in the Bonelli’s Eagle
title_full Effect of nest composition, experience and nest quality on nest-building behaviour in the Bonelli’s Eagle
title_fullStr Effect of nest composition, experience and nest quality on nest-building behaviour in the Bonelli’s Eagle
title_full_unstemmed Effect of nest composition, experience and nest quality on nest-building behaviour in the Bonelli’s Eagle
title_short Effect of nest composition, experience and nest quality on nest-building behaviour in the Bonelli’s Eagle
title_sort effect of nest composition, experience and nest quality on nest-building behaviour in the bonelli’s eagle
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8907159/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35264681
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08028-z
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