Exosomes from HPV-16 E7-pulsed dendritic cells prevent the migration, M1 polarization, and inflammation of macrophages in cervical cancer by regulating catalase 2 (CAT2)

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is mainly caused by persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), especially HPV-16. Recently, HPV-16 E7-modified dendritic cells (DCs) have been reported to play a blocking role in the progression of cervical cancer. Conversely, the effect and mechanism of HPV-16 E7-pulsed DCs in cervical cancer are not entirely clear. METHODS: DCs from the peripheral blood of patients with cervical cancer were induced with lipopolysaccharide and identified through the detection of cluster of differentiation (CD)11c, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II, CD83, and CD40 levels, and exosomes from HPV-16 E7-pulsed and catalase 2 (CAT2)-silenced DCs were extracted and identified through transmission electron microscopy and the detection of markers. Additionally, the migration, inflammatory factors, and polarization of macrophages were confirmed using Transwell, enzyme-linked immunoassay, and Western blot of arginase-1 (Arg-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In vivo, we also built a mice xenograft model of HPV cervical cancer. RESULTS: We first successfully induced and identified DCs from cervical cancer patients, and successfully extracted and confirmed the exosomes from the constructed HPV-16 E7-pulsed and CAT2-silenced DCs. Subsequently, we proved that exosomes from HPV-16 E7-pulsed DCs restrained migration and inflammation and induced M2 polarization in macrophages, while the effect of exosomes from CAT2-silenced DCs on macrophage migration, polarization, and inflammation was opposite to that of exosomes from HPV-16 E7-pulsed DCs, and the 2 affected each other. Additionally, we found that exosomes from CAT2-silenced DCs also prevented growth and M2 polarization in a mice xenograft model of HPV cervical cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Exosomes from HPV-16 E7-pulsed DCs blocked cervical cancer progression by regulating macrophage function, and its mechanism was relevant to CAT2.