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Vitamins D(2) and D(3) Have Overlapping But Different Effects on the Human Immune System Revealed Through Analysis of the Blood Transcriptome

Vitamin D is best known for its role in maintaining bone health and calcium homeostasis. However, it also exerts a broad range of extra-skeletal effects on cellular physiology and on the immune system. Vitamins D(2) and D(3) share a high degree of structural similarity. Functional equivalence in the...

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Autores principales: Durrant, Louise R., Bucca, Giselda, Hesketh, Andrew, Möller-Levet, Carla, Tripkovic, Laura, Wu, Huihai, Hart, Kathryn H., Mathers, John C., Elliott, Ruan M., Lanham-New, Susan A., Smith, Colin P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8908317/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35281034
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.790444
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author Durrant, Louise R.
Bucca, Giselda
Hesketh, Andrew
Möller-Levet, Carla
Tripkovic, Laura
Wu, Huihai
Hart, Kathryn H.
Mathers, John C.
Elliott, Ruan M.
Lanham-New, Susan A.
Smith, Colin P.
author_facet Durrant, Louise R.
Bucca, Giselda
Hesketh, Andrew
Möller-Levet, Carla
Tripkovic, Laura
Wu, Huihai
Hart, Kathryn H.
Mathers, John C.
Elliott, Ruan M.
Lanham-New, Susan A.
Smith, Colin P.
author_sort Durrant, Louise R.
collection PubMed
description Vitamin D is best known for its role in maintaining bone health and calcium homeostasis. However, it also exerts a broad range of extra-skeletal effects on cellular physiology and on the immune system. Vitamins D(2) and D(3) share a high degree of structural similarity. Functional equivalence in their vitamin D-dependent effects on human physiology is usually assumed but has in fact not been well defined experimentally. In this study we seek to redress the gap in knowledge by undertaking an in-depth examination of changes in the human blood transcriptome following supplementation with physiological doses of vitamin D(2) and D(3). Our work extends a previously published randomized placebo-controlled trial that recruited healthy white European and South Asian women who were given 15 µg of vitamin D(2) or D(3) daily over 12 weeks in wintertime in the UK (Nov-Mar) by additionally determining changes in the blood transcriptome over the intervention period using microarrays. An integrated comparison of the results defines both the effect of vitamin D(3) or D(2) on gene expression, and any influence of ethnic background. An important aspect of this analysis was the focus on the changes in expression from baseline to the 12-week endpoint of treatment within each individual, harnessing the longitudinal design of the study. Whilst overlap in the repertoire of differentially expressed genes was present in the D(2) or D(3)-dependent effects identified, most changes were specific to either one vitamin or the other. The data also pointed to the possibility of ethnic differences in the responses. Notably, following vitamin D(3) supplementation, the majority of changes in gene expression reflected a down-regulation in the activity of genes, many encoding pathways of the innate and adaptive immune systems, potentially shifting the immune system to a more tolerogenic status. Surprisingly, gene expression associated with type I and type II interferon activity, critical to the innate response to bacterial and viral infections, differed following supplementation with either vitamin D(2) or vitamin D(3), with only vitamin D(3) having a stimulatory effect. This study suggests that further investigation of the respective physiological roles of vitamin D(2) and vitamin D(3) is warranted.
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spelling pubmed-89083172022-03-11 Vitamins D(2) and D(3) Have Overlapping But Different Effects on the Human Immune System Revealed Through Analysis of the Blood Transcriptome Durrant, Louise R. Bucca, Giselda Hesketh, Andrew Möller-Levet, Carla Tripkovic, Laura Wu, Huihai Hart, Kathryn H. Mathers, John C. Elliott, Ruan M. Lanham-New, Susan A. Smith, Colin P. Front Immunol Immunology Vitamin D is best known for its role in maintaining bone health and calcium homeostasis. However, it also exerts a broad range of extra-skeletal effects on cellular physiology and on the immune system. Vitamins D(2) and D(3) share a high degree of structural similarity. Functional equivalence in their vitamin D-dependent effects on human physiology is usually assumed but has in fact not been well defined experimentally. In this study we seek to redress the gap in knowledge by undertaking an in-depth examination of changes in the human blood transcriptome following supplementation with physiological doses of vitamin D(2) and D(3). Our work extends a previously published randomized placebo-controlled trial that recruited healthy white European and South Asian women who were given 15 µg of vitamin D(2) or D(3) daily over 12 weeks in wintertime in the UK (Nov-Mar) by additionally determining changes in the blood transcriptome over the intervention period using microarrays. An integrated comparison of the results defines both the effect of vitamin D(3) or D(2) on gene expression, and any influence of ethnic background. An important aspect of this analysis was the focus on the changes in expression from baseline to the 12-week endpoint of treatment within each individual, harnessing the longitudinal design of the study. Whilst overlap in the repertoire of differentially expressed genes was present in the D(2) or D(3)-dependent effects identified, most changes were specific to either one vitamin or the other. The data also pointed to the possibility of ethnic differences in the responses. Notably, following vitamin D(3) supplementation, the majority of changes in gene expression reflected a down-regulation in the activity of genes, many encoding pathways of the innate and adaptive immune systems, potentially shifting the immune system to a more tolerogenic status. Surprisingly, gene expression associated with type I and type II interferon activity, critical to the innate response to bacterial and viral infections, differed following supplementation with either vitamin D(2) or vitamin D(3), with only vitamin D(3) having a stimulatory effect. This study suggests that further investigation of the respective physiological roles of vitamin D(2) and vitamin D(3) is warranted. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-02-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8908317/ /pubmed/35281034 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.790444 Text en Copyright © 2022 Durrant, Bucca, Hesketh, Möller-Levet, Tripkovic, Wu, Hart, Mathers, Elliott, Lanham-New and Smith https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Durrant, Louise R.
Bucca, Giselda
Hesketh, Andrew
Möller-Levet, Carla
Tripkovic, Laura
Wu, Huihai
Hart, Kathryn H.
Mathers, John C.
Elliott, Ruan M.
Lanham-New, Susan A.
Smith, Colin P.
Vitamins D(2) and D(3) Have Overlapping But Different Effects on the Human Immune System Revealed Through Analysis of the Blood Transcriptome
title Vitamins D(2) and D(3) Have Overlapping But Different Effects on the Human Immune System Revealed Through Analysis of the Blood Transcriptome
title_full Vitamins D(2) and D(3) Have Overlapping But Different Effects on the Human Immune System Revealed Through Analysis of the Blood Transcriptome
title_fullStr Vitamins D(2) and D(3) Have Overlapping But Different Effects on the Human Immune System Revealed Through Analysis of the Blood Transcriptome
title_full_unstemmed Vitamins D(2) and D(3) Have Overlapping But Different Effects on the Human Immune System Revealed Through Analysis of the Blood Transcriptome
title_short Vitamins D(2) and D(3) Have Overlapping But Different Effects on the Human Immune System Revealed Through Analysis of the Blood Transcriptome
title_sort vitamins d(2) and d(3) have overlapping but different effects on the human immune system revealed through analysis of the blood transcriptome
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8908317/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35281034
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.790444
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