Photocatalytic Recovery of Gold from a Non-Cyanide Gold Plating Solution as Au Nanoparticle-Decorated Semiconductors

[Image: see text] In this work, a photocatalytic process was carried out to recover gold (Au) from the simulated non-cyanide plating bath solution. Effects of semiconductor types (TiO(2), WO(3), Nb(2)O(3), CeO(2), and Bi(2)O(3)), initial pH of the solution (3–10), and type of complexing agents (Na(2)S(2)O(3) and Na(2)SO(3)) and their concentrations (1–4 mM each) on Au recovery were explored. Among all employed semiconductors, TiO(2) exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity to recover Au from the simulated spent plating bath solution both in the absence and presence of complexing agents, in which Au was completely recovered within 15 min at a pH of 6.5. The presence of complexing agents remarkably affected the size of deposited Au on the TiO(2) surface, the localized surface plasmon effect (LSPR) behavior, and the valence band (VB) edge position of the obtained Au/TiO(2), without a significant change in the textural properties or the band gap energy. The photocatalytic activity of the obtained Au/TiO(2) tested via two photocatalytic processes depended on the common reduction mechanism rather than the textural or optical properties. As a result, the Au/TiO(2) NPs obtained from the proposed recovery process are recommended for use as a photocatalyst for the reactions occurring at the conduction band rather than at the valence band. Notably, they exhibited good stability after the fifth photocatalytic cycle for Au recovery from the actual cyanide plating bath solution.