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Covid-19 Vaccine Effectiveness against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) Variant

BACKGROUND: A rapid increase in coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) cases due to the omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in highly vaccinated populations has aroused concerns about the effectiveness of current vaccines. METHODS: We used a test-negative case...

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Autores principales: Andrews, Nick, Stowe, Julia, Kirsebom, Freja, Toffa, Samuel, Rickeard, Tim, Gallagher, Eileen, Gower, Charlotte, Kall, Meaghan, Groves, Natalie, O’Connell, Anne-Marie, Simons, David, Blomquist, Paula B., Zaidi, Asad, Nash, Sophie, Iwani Binti Abdul Aziz, Nurin, Thelwall, Simon, Dabrera, Gavin, Myers, Richard, Amirthalingam, Gayatri, Gharbia, Saheer, Barrett, Jeffrey C., Elson, Richard, Ladhani, Shamez N., Ferguson, Neil, Zambon, Maria, Campbell, Colin N.J., Brown, Kevin, Hopkins, Susan, Chand, Meera, Ramsay, Mary, Lopez Bernal, Jamie
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Massachusetts Medical Society 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8908811/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35249272
http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2119451
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author Andrews, Nick
Stowe, Julia
Kirsebom, Freja
Toffa, Samuel
Rickeard, Tim
Gallagher, Eileen
Gower, Charlotte
Kall, Meaghan
Groves, Natalie
O’Connell, Anne-Marie
Simons, David
Blomquist, Paula B.
Zaidi, Asad
Nash, Sophie
Iwani Binti Abdul Aziz, Nurin
Thelwall, Simon
Dabrera, Gavin
Myers, Richard
Amirthalingam, Gayatri
Gharbia, Saheer
Barrett, Jeffrey C.
Elson, Richard
Ladhani, Shamez N.
Ferguson, Neil
Zambon, Maria
Campbell, Colin N.J.
Brown, Kevin
Hopkins, Susan
Chand, Meera
Ramsay, Mary
Lopez Bernal, Jamie
author_facet Andrews, Nick
Stowe, Julia
Kirsebom, Freja
Toffa, Samuel
Rickeard, Tim
Gallagher, Eileen
Gower, Charlotte
Kall, Meaghan
Groves, Natalie
O’Connell, Anne-Marie
Simons, David
Blomquist, Paula B.
Zaidi, Asad
Nash, Sophie
Iwani Binti Abdul Aziz, Nurin
Thelwall, Simon
Dabrera, Gavin
Myers, Richard
Amirthalingam, Gayatri
Gharbia, Saheer
Barrett, Jeffrey C.
Elson, Richard
Ladhani, Shamez N.
Ferguson, Neil
Zambon, Maria
Campbell, Colin N.J.
Brown, Kevin
Hopkins, Susan
Chand, Meera
Ramsay, Mary
Lopez Bernal, Jamie
author_sort Andrews, Nick
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: A rapid increase in coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) cases due to the omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in highly vaccinated populations has aroused concerns about the effectiveness of current vaccines. METHODS: We used a test-negative case–control design to estimate vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic disease caused by the omicron and delta (B.1.617.2) variants in England. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated after primary immunization with two doses of BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca), or mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine and after a booster dose of BNT162b2, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, or mRNA-1273. RESULTS: Between November 27, 2021, and January 12, 2022, a total of 886,774 eligible persons infected with the omicron variant, 204,154 eligible persons infected with the delta variant, and 1,572,621 eligible test-negative controls were identified. At all time points investigated and for all combinations of primary course and booster vaccines, vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic disease was higher for the delta variant than for the omicron variant. No effect against the omicron variant was noted from 20 weeks after two ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 doses, whereas vaccine effectiveness after two BNT162b2 doses was 65.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 63.9 to 67.0) at 2 to 4 weeks, dropping to 8.8% (95% CI, 7.0 to 10.5) at 25 or more weeks. Among ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 primary course recipients, vaccine effectiveness increased to 62.4% (95% CI, 61.8 to 63.0) at 2 to 4 weeks after a BNT162b2 booster before decreasing to 39.6% (95% CI, 38.0 to 41.1) at 10 or more weeks. Among BNT162b2 primary course recipients, vaccine effectiveness increased to 67.2% (95% CI, 66.5 to 67.8) at 2 to 4 weeks after a BNT162b2 booster before declining to 45.7% (95% CI, 44.7 to 46.7) at 10 or more weeks. Vaccine effectiveness after a ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 primary course increased to 70.1% (95% CI, 69.5 to 70.7) at 2 to 4 weeks after an mRNA-1273 booster and decreased to 60.9% (95% CI, 59.7 to 62.1) at 5 to 9 weeks. After a BNT162b2 primary course, the mRNA-1273 booster increased vaccine effectiveness to 73.9% (95% CI, 73.1 to 74.6) at 2 to 4 weeks; vaccine effectiveness fell to 64.4% (95% CI, 62.6 to 66.1) at 5 to 9 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Primary immunization with two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or BNT162b2 vaccine provided limited protection against symptomatic disease caused by the omicron variant. A BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 booster after either the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or BNT162b2 primary course substantially increased protection, but that protection waned over time. (Funded by the U.K. Health Security Agency.)
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spelling pubmed-89088112022-03-21 Covid-19 Vaccine Effectiveness against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) Variant Andrews, Nick Stowe, Julia Kirsebom, Freja Toffa, Samuel Rickeard, Tim Gallagher, Eileen Gower, Charlotte Kall, Meaghan Groves, Natalie O’Connell, Anne-Marie Simons, David Blomquist, Paula B. Zaidi, Asad Nash, Sophie Iwani Binti Abdul Aziz, Nurin Thelwall, Simon Dabrera, Gavin Myers, Richard Amirthalingam, Gayatri Gharbia, Saheer Barrett, Jeffrey C. Elson, Richard Ladhani, Shamez N. Ferguson, Neil Zambon, Maria Campbell, Colin N.J. Brown, Kevin Hopkins, Susan Chand, Meera Ramsay, Mary Lopez Bernal, Jamie N Engl J Med Original Article BACKGROUND: A rapid increase in coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) cases due to the omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in highly vaccinated populations has aroused concerns about the effectiveness of current vaccines. METHODS: We used a test-negative case–control design to estimate vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic disease caused by the omicron and delta (B.1.617.2) variants in England. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated after primary immunization with two doses of BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca), or mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine and after a booster dose of BNT162b2, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, or mRNA-1273. RESULTS: Between November 27, 2021, and January 12, 2022, a total of 886,774 eligible persons infected with the omicron variant, 204,154 eligible persons infected with the delta variant, and 1,572,621 eligible test-negative controls were identified. At all time points investigated and for all combinations of primary course and booster vaccines, vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic disease was higher for the delta variant than for the omicron variant. No effect against the omicron variant was noted from 20 weeks after two ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 doses, whereas vaccine effectiveness after two BNT162b2 doses was 65.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 63.9 to 67.0) at 2 to 4 weeks, dropping to 8.8% (95% CI, 7.0 to 10.5) at 25 or more weeks. Among ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 primary course recipients, vaccine effectiveness increased to 62.4% (95% CI, 61.8 to 63.0) at 2 to 4 weeks after a BNT162b2 booster before decreasing to 39.6% (95% CI, 38.0 to 41.1) at 10 or more weeks. Among BNT162b2 primary course recipients, vaccine effectiveness increased to 67.2% (95% CI, 66.5 to 67.8) at 2 to 4 weeks after a BNT162b2 booster before declining to 45.7% (95% CI, 44.7 to 46.7) at 10 or more weeks. Vaccine effectiveness after a ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 primary course increased to 70.1% (95% CI, 69.5 to 70.7) at 2 to 4 weeks after an mRNA-1273 booster and decreased to 60.9% (95% CI, 59.7 to 62.1) at 5 to 9 weeks. After a BNT162b2 primary course, the mRNA-1273 booster increased vaccine effectiveness to 73.9% (95% CI, 73.1 to 74.6) at 2 to 4 weeks; vaccine effectiveness fell to 64.4% (95% CI, 62.6 to 66.1) at 5 to 9 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Primary immunization with two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or BNT162b2 vaccine provided limited protection against symptomatic disease caused by the omicron variant. A BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 booster after either the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or BNT162b2 primary course substantially increased protection, but that protection waned over time. (Funded by the U.K. Health Security Agency.) Massachusetts Medical Society 2022-03-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8908811/ /pubmed/35249272 http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2119451 Text en Copyright © 2022 Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved. This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use, except commercial resale, and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgment of the original source. PMC is granted a license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, subject to existing copyright protections.
spellingShingle Original Article
Andrews, Nick
Stowe, Julia
Kirsebom, Freja
Toffa, Samuel
Rickeard, Tim
Gallagher, Eileen
Gower, Charlotte
Kall, Meaghan
Groves, Natalie
O’Connell, Anne-Marie
Simons, David
Blomquist, Paula B.
Zaidi, Asad
Nash, Sophie
Iwani Binti Abdul Aziz, Nurin
Thelwall, Simon
Dabrera, Gavin
Myers, Richard
Amirthalingam, Gayatri
Gharbia, Saheer
Barrett, Jeffrey C.
Elson, Richard
Ladhani, Shamez N.
Ferguson, Neil
Zambon, Maria
Campbell, Colin N.J.
Brown, Kevin
Hopkins, Susan
Chand, Meera
Ramsay, Mary
Lopez Bernal, Jamie
Covid-19 Vaccine Effectiveness against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) Variant
title Covid-19 Vaccine Effectiveness against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) Variant
title_full Covid-19 Vaccine Effectiveness against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) Variant
title_fullStr Covid-19 Vaccine Effectiveness against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) Variant
title_full_unstemmed Covid-19 Vaccine Effectiveness against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) Variant
title_short Covid-19 Vaccine Effectiveness against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) Variant
title_sort covid-19 vaccine effectiveness against the omicron (b.1.1.529) variant
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8908811/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35249272
http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2119451
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