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Sex and Species Differences in the Development of Diet-Induced Obesity and Metabolic Disturbances in Rodents

Prevalence and health consequences of obesity differ between men and women. Yet, most preclinical studies investigating the etiology of obesity have, to date, been conducted in male rodents. Notably, diet is a major determinant of obesity, but sex differences in rodent models of diet-induced obesity...

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Autores principales: Maric, Ivana, Krieger, Jean-Philippe, van der Velden, Pauline, Börchers, Stina, Asker, Mohammed, Vujicic, Milica, Wernstedt Asterholm, Ingrid, Skibicka, Karolina P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8908889/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35284452
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.828522
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author Maric, Ivana
Krieger, Jean-Philippe
van der Velden, Pauline
Börchers, Stina
Asker, Mohammed
Vujicic, Milica
Wernstedt Asterholm, Ingrid
Skibicka, Karolina P.
author_facet Maric, Ivana
Krieger, Jean-Philippe
van der Velden, Pauline
Börchers, Stina
Asker, Mohammed
Vujicic, Milica
Wernstedt Asterholm, Ingrid
Skibicka, Karolina P.
author_sort Maric, Ivana
collection PubMed
description Prevalence and health consequences of obesity differ between men and women. Yet, most preclinical studies investigating the etiology of obesity have, to date, been conducted in male rodents. Notably, diet is a major determinant of obesity, but sex differences in rodent models of diet-induced obesity, and the mechanisms that underlie such differences, are still understudied. Here, we aim to determine whether time course and characteristics of diet-induced obesity differ between sexes in rats and mice, and to investigate the potential causes of the observed divergence. To achieve this, we offered the most commonly tested rodents of both sexes, SD rats and C57BL/6 mice, a free choice of 60 % high-fat diet (HFD) and regular chow; body weight, food intake, fat mass, brown adipose responses, locomotor activity and glucose tolerance were assessed in a similar manner in both species. Our results indicate that overall diet-induced hyperphagia is greater in males but that females display a higher preference for the HFD, irrespective of species. Female rats, compared to males, showed a delay in diet-induced weight gain and less metabolic complications. Although male rats increased brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in response to the HFD challenge, this was not sufficient to counteract increased adiposity. In contrast to rats, female and male mice presented with a dramatic adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance, and a decreased energy expenditure. Female mice showed a 5-fold increase in visceral fat, compared to 2-fold increase seen in male mice. Overall, we found that male and female rodents responded very differently to HFD challenge, and engaged different compensatory energy expenditure mechanisms. In addition, these sex differences are divergent in rats and mice. We conclude that SD rats have a better face validity for the lower prevalence of overweight in women, while C57BL/6 mice may better model the increased prevalence of morbid obesity in women.
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spelling pubmed-89088892022-03-11 Sex and Species Differences in the Development of Diet-Induced Obesity and Metabolic Disturbances in Rodents Maric, Ivana Krieger, Jean-Philippe van der Velden, Pauline Börchers, Stina Asker, Mohammed Vujicic, Milica Wernstedt Asterholm, Ingrid Skibicka, Karolina P. Front Nutr Nutrition Prevalence and health consequences of obesity differ between men and women. Yet, most preclinical studies investigating the etiology of obesity have, to date, been conducted in male rodents. Notably, diet is a major determinant of obesity, but sex differences in rodent models of diet-induced obesity, and the mechanisms that underlie such differences, are still understudied. Here, we aim to determine whether time course and characteristics of diet-induced obesity differ between sexes in rats and mice, and to investigate the potential causes of the observed divergence. To achieve this, we offered the most commonly tested rodents of both sexes, SD rats and C57BL/6 mice, a free choice of 60 % high-fat diet (HFD) and regular chow; body weight, food intake, fat mass, brown adipose responses, locomotor activity and glucose tolerance were assessed in a similar manner in both species. Our results indicate that overall diet-induced hyperphagia is greater in males but that females display a higher preference for the HFD, irrespective of species. Female rats, compared to males, showed a delay in diet-induced weight gain and less metabolic complications. Although male rats increased brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in response to the HFD challenge, this was not sufficient to counteract increased adiposity. In contrast to rats, female and male mice presented with a dramatic adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance, and a decreased energy expenditure. Female mice showed a 5-fold increase in visceral fat, compared to 2-fold increase seen in male mice. Overall, we found that male and female rodents responded very differently to HFD challenge, and engaged different compensatory energy expenditure mechanisms. In addition, these sex differences are divergent in rats and mice. We conclude that SD rats have a better face validity for the lower prevalence of overweight in women, while C57BL/6 mice may better model the increased prevalence of morbid obesity in women. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-02-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8908889/ /pubmed/35284452 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.828522 Text en Copyright © 2022 Maric, Krieger, van der Velden, Börchers, Asker, Vujicic, Wernstedt Asterholm and Skibicka. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Nutrition
Maric, Ivana
Krieger, Jean-Philippe
van der Velden, Pauline
Börchers, Stina
Asker, Mohammed
Vujicic, Milica
Wernstedt Asterholm, Ingrid
Skibicka, Karolina P.
Sex and Species Differences in the Development of Diet-Induced Obesity and Metabolic Disturbances in Rodents
title Sex and Species Differences in the Development of Diet-Induced Obesity and Metabolic Disturbances in Rodents
title_full Sex and Species Differences in the Development of Diet-Induced Obesity and Metabolic Disturbances in Rodents
title_fullStr Sex and Species Differences in the Development of Diet-Induced Obesity and Metabolic Disturbances in Rodents
title_full_unstemmed Sex and Species Differences in the Development of Diet-Induced Obesity and Metabolic Disturbances in Rodents
title_short Sex and Species Differences in the Development of Diet-Induced Obesity and Metabolic Disturbances in Rodents
title_sort sex and species differences in the development of diet-induced obesity and metabolic disturbances in rodents
topic Nutrition
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8908889/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35284452
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.828522
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