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Ubiquitination-Proteasome System (UPS) and Autophagy Two Main Protein Degradation Machineries in Response to Cell Stress

In response to environmental stimuli, cells make a series of adaptive changes to combat the injury, repair the damage, and increase the tolerance to the stress. However, once the damage is too serious to repair, the cells will undergo apoptosis to protect the overall cells through suicidal behavior....

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Li, Yanan, Li, Shujing, Wu, Huijian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8909305/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35269473
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11050851
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author Li, Yanan
Li, Shujing
Wu, Huijian
author_facet Li, Yanan
Li, Shujing
Wu, Huijian
author_sort Li, Yanan
collection PubMed
description In response to environmental stimuli, cells make a series of adaptive changes to combat the injury, repair the damage, and increase the tolerance to the stress. However, once the damage is too serious to repair, the cells will undergo apoptosis to protect the overall cells through suicidal behavior. Upon external stimulation, some intracellular proteins turn into unfolded or misfolded protein, exposing their hydrophobic regions to form protein aggregation, which may ultimately produce serious damage to the cells. Ubiquitin plays an important role in the degradation of these unnatural proteins by tagging with ubiquitin chains in the ubiquitin–proteasome or autophagy system. If the two processes fail to eliminate the abnormal protein aggregates, the cells will move to apoptosis and death. Dysregulation of ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy may result in the development of numerous diseases. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of UPS and autophagy in clearance of intracellular protein aggregates, and the relationship between dysregulation of ubiquitin network and diseases.
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spelling pubmed-89093052022-03-11 Ubiquitination-Proteasome System (UPS) and Autophagy Two Main Protein Degradation Machineries in Response to Cell Stress Li, Yanan Li, Shujing Wu, Huijian Cells Review In response to environmental stimuli, cells make a series of adaptive changes to combat the injury, repair the damage, and increase the tolerance to the stress. However, once the damage is too serious to repair, the cells will undergo apoptosis to protect the overall cells through suicidal behavior. Upon external stimulation, some intracellular proteins turn into unfolded or misfolded protein, exposing their hydrophobic regions to form protein aggregation, which may ultimately produce serious damage to the cells. Ubiquitin plays an important role in the degradation of these unnatural proteins by tagging with ubiquitin chains in the ubiquitin–proteasome or autophagy system. If the two processes fail to eliminate the abnormal protein aggregates, the cells will move to apoptosis and death. Dysregulation of ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy may result in the development of numerous diseases. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of UPS and autophagy in clearance of intracellular protein aggregates, and the relationship between dysregulation of ubiquitin network and diseases. MDPI 2022-03-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8909305/ /pubmed/35269473 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11050851 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Li, Yanan
Li, Shujing
Wu, Huijian
Ubiquitination-Proteasome System (UPS) and Autophagy Two Main Protein Degradation Machineries in Response to Cell Stress
title Ubiquitination-Proteasome System (UPS) and Autophagy Two Main Protein Degradation Machineries in Response to Cell Stress
title_full Ubiquitination-Proteasome System (UPS) and Autophagy Two Main Protein Degradation Machineries in Response to Cell Stress
title_fullStr Ubiquitination-Proteasome System (UPS) and Autophagy Two Main Protein Degradation Machineries in Response to Cell Stress
title_full_unstemmed Ubiquitination-Proteasome System (UPS) and Autophagy Two Main Protein Degradation Machineries in Response to Cell Stress
title_short Ubiquitination-Proteasome System (UPS) and Autophagy Two Main Protein Degradation Machineries in Response to Cell Stress
title_sort ubiquitination-proteasome system (ups) and autophagy two main protein degradation machineries in response to cell stress
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8909305/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35269473
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11050851
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