Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Patients with Oligometastatic Disease: Clinical State of the Art and Perspectives

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Stereotactic radiation therapy (SBRT) is a type of radiation therapy in which a small number of high doses of radiation are delivered to a target volume using highly accurate equipment in order to maximize cancer control while minimizing side effects on healthy tissues. SBRT’s precise role varies according to the primary location and subtype of the oligometastatic state. The purpose of this review is to clarify the role of SBRT in various cancer types and to define its position based on the oligometastatic disease state. ABSTRACT: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a form of radiation therapy (RT) in which a small number of high doses of radiation are delivered to a target volume using highly sophisticated equipment. Stereotactic body radiation therapy is crucial in two cancer stages: early primary cancer and oligometastatic disease, with the goal of inducing complete cancer remission in both. This treatment method is commonly used to treat a variety of disease types. Over the years, a growing body of clinical evidence on the use of SBRT for the treatment of primary and metastatic tumors has accumulated, with efficacy and safety demonstrated in randomized clinical trials. This article will review the technical and clinical aspects of SBRT according to disease type and clinical indication.