Cargando…

Assessment of Experimental Techniques That Facilitate Human Granuloma Formation in an In Vitro System: A Systematic Review

The process of granuloma formation is complex, and due to species differences, the validity of animal studies is somewhat questioned. Moreover, the large number of animals needed to observe the different stages of development also raises ethical questions. Therefore, researchers have explored the us...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Ganesan, Nirosha, Ronsmans, Steven, Vanoirbeek, Jeroen, Hoet, Peter H. M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8909410/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35269486
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11050864
_version_ 1784666140908191744
author Ganesan, Nirosha
Ronsmans, Steven
Vanoirbeek, Jeroen
Hoet, Peter H. M.
author_facet Ganesan, Nirosha
Ronsmans, Steven
Vanoirbeek, Jeroen
Hoet, Peter H. M.
author_sort Ganesan, Nirosha
collection PubMed
description The process of granuloma formation is complex, and due to species differences, the validity of animal studies is somewhat questioned. Moreover, the large number of animals needed to observe the different stages of development also raises ethical questions. Therefore, researchers have explored the use of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), a heterogeneous population of immune cells, in an in vitro model. This review included in vitro studies that focused on exposing PBMCs—from healthy, sensitized, or diseased individuals—to antigens derived from infectious agents—such as mycobacteria or Schistosoma spp.—or inorganic antigens—such as beryllium. The reviewed studies mainly explored how human in vitro granuloma models can contribute towards understanding the pathogenesis of granulomatous diseases, especially during the early stages of granuloma formation. The feasibility of granuloma modelling was thus largely assessed via experimental techniques including (1) granuloma scoring indices (GI), (2) cell surface markers and (3) cytokine secretion profiling. While granuloma scoring showed some similarities between studies, a large variability of culture conditions and endpoints measured have been identified. The lack of any standardization currently impedes the success of a human in vitro granuloma model.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8909410
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-89094102022-03-11 Assessment of Experimental Techniques That Facilitate Human Granuloma Formation in an In Vitro System: A Systematic Review Ganesan, Nirosha Ronsmans, Steven Vanoirbeek, Jeroen Hoet, Peter H. M. Cells Systematic Review The process of granuloma formation is complex, and due to species differences, the validity of animal studies is somewhat questioned. Moreover, the large number of animals needed to observe the different stages of development also raises ethical questions. Therefore, researchers have explored the use of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), a heterogeneous population of immune cells, in an in vitro model. This review included in vitro studies that focused on exposing PBMCs—from healthy, sensitized, or diseased individuals—to antigens derived from infectious agents—such as mycobacteria or Schistosoma spp.—or inorganic antigens—such as beryllium. The reviewed studies mainly explored how human in vitro granuloma models can contribute towards understanding the pathogenesis of granulomatous diseases, especially during the early stages of granuloma formation. The feasibility of granuloma modelling was thus largely assessed via experimental techniques including (1) granuloma scoring indices (GI), (2) cell surface markers and (3) cytokine secretion profiling. While granuloma scoring showed some similarities between studies, a large variability of culture conditions and endpoints measured have been identified. The lack of any standardization currently impedes the success of a human in vitro granuloma model. MDPI 2022-03-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8909410/ /pubmed/35269486 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11050864 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Systematic Review
Ganesan, Nirosha
Ronsmans, Steven
Vanoirbeek, Jeroen
Hoet, Peter H. M.
Assessment of Experimental Techniques That Facilitate Human Granuloma Formation in an In Vitro System: A Systematic Review
title Assessment of Experimental Techniques That Facilitate Human Granuloma Formation in an In Vitro System: A Systematic Review
title_full Assessment of Experimental Techniques That Facilitate Human Granuloma Formation in an In Vitro System: A Systematic Review
title_fullStr Assessment of Experimental Techniques That Facilitate Human Granuloma Formation in an In Vitro System: A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed Assessment of Experimental Techniques That Facilitate Human Granuloma Formation in an In Vitro System: A Systematic Review
title_short Assessment of Experimental Techniques That Facilitate Human Granuloma Formation in an In Vitro System: A Systematic Review
title_sort assessment of experimental techniques that facilitate human granuloma formation in an in vitro system: a systematic review
topic Systematic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8909410/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35269486
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11050864
work_keys_str_mv AT ganesannirosha assessmentofexperimentaltechniquesthatfacilitatehumangranulomaformationinaninvitrosystemasystematicreview
AT ronsmanssteven assessmentofexperimentaltechniquesthatfacilitatehumangranulomaformationinaninvitrosystemasystematicreview
AT vanoirbeekjeroen assessmentofexperimentaltechniquesthatfacilitatehumangranulomaformationinaninvitrosystemasystematicreview
AT hoetpeterhm assessmentofexperimentaltechniquesthatfacilitatehumangranulomaformationinaninvitrosystemasystematicreview