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Conformity, obedience, and the Better than Average Effect in health professional students

BACKGROUND: Compliance, through conformity and obedience to authority, can produce negative outcomes for patient safety, as well as education. To date, educational interventions for dealing with situations of compliance or positive deviance have shown variable results. Part of the challenge for educ...

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Autores principales: Violato, Efrem, King, Sharla, Bulut, Okan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Canadian Medical Education Journal 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8909824/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35291458
http://dx.doi.org/10.36834/cmej.71970
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author Violato, Efrem
King, Sharla
Bulut, Okan
author_facet Violato, Efrem
King, Sharla
Bulut, Okan
author_sort Violato, Efrem
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Compliance, through conformity and obedience to authority, can produce negative outcomes for patient safety, as well as education. To date, educational interventions for dealing with situations of compliance or positive deviance have shown variable results. Part of the challenge for education on compliance may result from disparities between learners' expectations about their potential for engaging in positive deviance and the actual likelihood of engaging in positive deviance. More specifically, students may demonstrate a Better Than Average Effect (BTAE), the tendency for people to believe they are comparatively better than the average across a wide range of behaviours and skills. METHODS: Four vignettes were designed and piloted using cognitive interviews, to investigate the BTAE. Conformity and obedience to authority were each addressed with two vignettes. The vignettes were included in a survey distributed to Canadian health professional students across multiple programs at several different institutions during the Winter 2019 semester. Self-evaluation of behaviour was investigated using a one-sample proportion test. Demographic data were investigated using logistic regression to identify predictors of the BTAE. RESULTS: Participants demonstrated the BTAE for expected behaviour compared to peers for situations of conformity and obedience to authority. Age, sex, and program year were identified as potential predictors for exhibiting the BTAE. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that health professional students expect that they will behave better than average in compliance scenarios. Health professional students are not exempt from this cognitive bias in self-assessment. The results have implications for education on compliance, positive deviance, and patient safety.
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spelling pubmed-89098242022-03-14 Conformity, obedience, and the Better than Average Effect in health professional students Violato, Efrem King, Sharla Bulut, Okan Can Med Educ J Major Contributions BACKGROUND: Compliance, through conformity and obedience to authority, can produce negative outcomes for patient safety, as well as education. To date, educational interventions for dealing with situations of compliance or positive deviance have shown variable results. Part of the challenge for education on compliance may result from disparities between learners' expectations about their potential for engaging in positive deviance and the actual likelihood of engaging in positive deviance. More specifically, students may demonstrate a Better Than Average Effect (BTAE), the tendency for people to believe they are comparatively better than the average across a wide range of behaviours and skills. METHODS: Four vignettes were designed and piloted using cognitive interviews, to investigate the BTAE. Conformity and obedience to authority were each addressed with two vignettes. The vignettes were included in a survey distributed to Canadian health professional students across multiple programs at several different institutions during the Winter 2019 semester. Self-evaluation of behaviour was investigated using a one-sample proportion test. Demographic data were investigated using logistic regression to identify predictors of the BTAE. RESULTS: Participants demonstrated the BTAE for expected behaviour compared to peers for situations of conformity and obedience to authority. Age, sex, and program year were identified as potential predictors for exhibiting the BTAE. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that health professional students expect that they will behave better than average in compliance scenarios. Health professional students are not exempt from this cognitive bias in self-assessment. The results have implications for education on compliance, positive deviance, and patient safety. Canadian Medical Education Journal 2022-03-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8909824/ /pubmed/35291458 http://dx.doi.org/10.36834/cmej.71970 Text en © 2022 Violato, King, Bulut; licensee Synergies Partners. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an Open Journal Systems article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) ) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is cited.
spellingShingle Major Contributions
Violato, Efrem
King, Sharla
Bulut, Okan
Conformity, obedience, and the Better than Average Effect in health professional students
title Conformity, obedience, and the Better than Average Effect in health professional students
title_full Conformity, obedience, and the Better than Average Effect in health professional students
title_fullStr Conformity, obedience, and the Better than Average Effect in health professional students
title_full_unstemmed Conformity, obedience, and the Better than Average Effect in health professional students
title_short Conformity, obedience, and the Better than Average Effect in health professional students
title_sort conformity, obedience, and the better than average effect in health professional students
topic Major Contributions
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8909824/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35291458
http://dx.doi.org/10.36834/cmej.71970
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