Correlation between Platelet Count and Lung Dysfunction in Multiple Trauma Patients—A Retrospective Cohort Analysis

(1) Background: Current findings emphasize the potential contribution of platelets to the immunological response after severe trauma. As clinical relevance remains unclear, this study aims to analyze the correlation between platelets and lung dysfunction in severely injured patients. (2) Methods: We retrospectively enrolled all multiple trauma patients presenting to our level 1 trauma center from 2015 to 2016 with an Injury-Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 16. Apart from demographic data, platelet counts and PaO(2)/FiO(2) as an approximate indicator for lung physiology were analyzed and correlated on subsequent days after admission. (3) Results: 83 patients with a median ISS of 22 (IQR 18–36) were included. Compared to day 1, platelet counts were decreased on day 3 (p ≤ 0.001). Platelet counts were significantly lower on day 3 in patients with an ISS ≥ 35 (p = 0.011). There were no differences regarding PaO(2)/FiO(2) index. Correlation analysis revealed a positive link between increased platelet counts and PaO(2)/FiO(2) index on day 1 only in severely injured patients (p = 0.007). (4) Conclusions: This work supports the concept of platelets modulating the posttraumatic immune response by affecting lung dysfunction in the early phase after multiple trauma in dependence of injury severity. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the impact of platelets on systemic processes in multiple trauma patients.