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The Association between the Oral-Gut Axis and the Outcomes of Severe COVID-19 Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Case-Control Study
The novel conceptual disease model, the oral–gut axis, which represents the immunomodulatory mutual relationship between oral and gut microbial compartments, has been attracting attention in relation to systemic health issues. We investigated whether this unique crosstalk influences the systemic con...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8911112/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35268256 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11051167 |
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author | Yoshino, Aya Nakamura, Yoshihiko Hashiguchi, Shiho Ishida, Shintaro Mano, Ryosuke Nakamura, Shinsuke Kita, Ryosuke Seto, Mika Takata, Tohru Ishikura, Hiroyasu Kondo, Seiji |
author_facet | Yoshino, Aya Nakamura, Yoshihiko Hashiguchi, Shiho Ishida, Shintaro Mano, Ryosuke Nakamura, Shinsuke Kita, Ryosuke Seto, Mika Takata, Tohru Ishikura, Hiroyasu Kondo, Seiji |
author_sort | Yoshino, Aya |
collection | PubMed |
description | The novel conceptual disease model, the oral–gut axis, which represents the immunomodulatory mutual relationship between oral and gut microbial compartments, has been attracting attention in relation to systemic health issues. We investigated whether this unique crosstalk influences the systemic condition of patients with COVID-19 infections who received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the intensive care unit (ICU) during April and December 2020. In this case-control study, patients were divided into two groups according to their survival (total entry size, n = 21; survivors, n = 13; non-survivors, n = 8). Patients were evaluated using the oral assessment guide from Fukuoka University (OAG-F) and the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) to examine the oral and fecal conditions. A blood-based inflammatory factor, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), was used as an indicator of systemic immunity. The high total OAG-F scores were associated with both elevated BSFS and NLR values, and a mutually positive correlation between BSFS and NLR was observed. This indicated an interplay between oral deterioration, gut dysbiosis, and the impairment of immunity. Furthermore, oral deterioration was more frequently observed in non-survivors on day 14 of ICU admission. In addition, on days 7 and 21 of ICU admission, impaired immunity, reflected by an elevated NLR, was observed in non-survivors. However, the distribution of the gut microbiome—reflected by increased BSFS values—with the time it was examined was not directly observed in non-survivors. Taken together, these findings suggested that oral–gut health may be specifically associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients receiving ECMO in the ICU. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8911112 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89111122022-03-11 The Association between the Oral-Gut Axis and the Outcomes of Severe COVID-19 Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Case-Control Study Yoshino, Aya Nakamura, Yoshihiko Hashiguchi, Shiho Ishida, Shintaro Mano, Ryosuke Nakamura, Shinsuke Kita, Ryosuke Seto, Mika Takata, Tohru Ishikura, Hiroyasu Kondo, Seiji J Clin Med Article The novel conceptual disease model, the oral–gut axis, which represents the immunomodulatory mutual relationship between oral and gut microbial compartments, has been attracting attention in relation to systemic health issues. We investigated whether this unique crosstalk influences the systemic condition of patients with COVID-19 infections who received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the intensive care unit (ICU) during April and December 2020. In this case-control study, patients were divided into two groups according to their survival (total entry size, n = 21; survivors, n = 13; non-survivors, n = 8). Patients were evaluated using the oral assessment guide from Fukuoka University (OAG-F) and the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) to examine the oral and fecal conditions. A blood-based inflammatory factor, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), was used as an indicator of systemic immunity. The high total OAG-F scores were associated with both elevated BSFS and NLR values, and a mutually positive correlation between BSFS and NLR was observed. This indicated an interplay between oral deterioration, gut dysbiosis, and the impairment of immunity. Furthermore, oral deterioration was more frequently observed in non-survivors on day 14 of ICU admission. In addition, on days 7 and 21 of ICU admission, impaired immunity, reflected by an elevated NLR, was observed in non-survivors. However, the distribution of the gut microbiome—reflected by increased BSFS values—with the time it was examined was not directly observed in non-survivors. Taken together, these findings suggested that oral–gut health may be specifically associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients receiving ECMO in the ICU. MDPI 2022-02-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8911112/ /pubmed/35268256 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11051167 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Yoshino, Aya Nakamura, Yoshihiko Hashiguchi, Shiho Ishida, Shintaro Mano, Ryosuke Nakamura, Shinsuke Kita, Ryosuke Seto, Mika Takata, Tohru Ishikura, Hiroyasu Kondo, Seiji The Association between the Oral-Gut Axis and the Outcomes of Severe COVID-19 Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Case-Control Study |
title | The Association between the Oral-Gut Axis and the Outcomes of Severe COVID-19 Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Case-Control Study |
title_full | The Association between the Oral-Gut Axis and the Outcomes of Severe COVID-19 Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Case-Control Study |
title_fullStr | The Association between the Oral-Gut Axis and the Outcomes of Severe COVID-19 Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Case-Control Study |
title_full_unstemmed | The Association between the Oral-Gut Axis and the Outcomes of Severe COVID-19 Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Case-Control Study |
title_short | The Association between the Oral-Gut Axis and the Outcomes of Severe COVID-19 Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Case-Control Study |
title_sort | association between the oral-gut axis and the outcomes of severe covid-19 patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a case-control study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8911112/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35268256 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11051167 |
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