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Matrix Remodeling-Associated Protein 8 as a Novel Indicator Contributing to Glioma Immune Response by Regulating Ferroptosis
Glioma is a highly malignant brain tumor with a poor survival rate. Novel biomarkers that act as prompt indicators of glioma are urgently needed. In this study, we identified and validated prognosis-related differentially expressed genes by datasets of glioma in the GEO and TCGA databases. Ferroptos...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8911537/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35281049 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.834595 |
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author | Xu, Zhijie Chen, Xi Song, Liying Yuan, Fang Yan, Yuanliang |
author_facet | Xu, Zhijie Chen, Xi Song, Liying Yuan, Fang Yan, Yuanliang |
author_sort | Xu, Zhijie |
collection | PubMed |
description | Glioma is a highly malignant brain tumor with a poor survival rate. Novel biomarkers that act as prompt indicators of glioma are urgently needed. In this study, we identified and validated prognosis-related differentially expressed genes by datasets of glioma in the GEO and TCGA databases. Ferroptosis is a newly recognized process of cell death playing a vital role in cancer biology. Pearson correlation coefficient were used to discovery the prognosis-related genes which have the highest correlation with ferroptosis. Matrix remodeling-associated protein 8 (MXRA8) was identified as a novel prognosis indicator which may be involved in ferroptosis. The expression of MXRA8 was significantly higher in glioma compared with normal brain tissue, and increased expression of MXRA8 was associated with unfavorable survivals. Furthermore, in vitro analysis showed that knockdown of MXRA8 inhibited the cell viability in T98G and U251 cells and increased the sensitivity of glioma cells to temozolomide. We further observed that downregulation of MXRA8 elevated the levels of intracellular ferrous iron and lipid peroxidation, accompanied by upregulation of NCOA4 and suppression of FTH1. Moreover, co-expression analyses showed that GO term and KEGG pathways were mainly enriched in immunity-related pathways, such as neutrophil-related immunity, adaptive immune response, and cytokine binding. Through ssGSEA algorithm and TISIDB database, immunological analyses showed that MXRA8 was significantly correlated with various immune infiltration cells including NK cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. Meanwhile, MXRA8 was also associated with chemokines and multiple immunoinhibitory molecules, such as TGF-β1, IL-10, PD-L1, and CTLA4. We also found that MXRA8 was positively associated with immune infiltration score, and patients with higher immune score underwent worse overall survivals. Moreover, IHC staining indicated a highly positive correlation of MXRA8 with a macrophage marker CSF1R. The co-cultured models of glioma cells and M2 macrophages showed MXRA8 knockdown glioma cells alleviated the infiltration of M2 macrophage, while the reduced M2 macrophage infiltration generated by MXRA8 could be rescued by Fer-1 treatment. These results suggest that MXRA8 promotes glioma progression and highlight the pivotal role of MXRA8 in ferroptosis and immune microenvironment of glioma. Therefore, MXRA8 may serve as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for glioma. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8911537 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89115372022-03-11 Matrix Remodeling-Associated Protein 8 as a Novel Indicator Contributing to Glioma Immune Response by Regulating Ferroptosis Xu, Zhijie Chen, Xi Song, Liying Yuan, Fang Yan, Yuanliang Front Immunol Immunology Glioma is a highly malignant brain tumor with a poor survival rate. Novel biomarkers that act as prompt indicators of glioma are urgently needed. In this study, we identified and validated prognosis-related differentially expressed genes by datasets of glioma in the GEO and TCGA databases. Ferroptosis is a newly recognized process of cell death playing a vital role in cancer biology. Pearson correlation coefficient were used to discovery the prognosis-related genes which have the highest correlation with ferroptosis. Matrix remodeling-associated protein 8 (MXRA8) was identified as a novel prognosis indicator which may be involved in ferroptosis. The expression of MXRA8 was significantly higher in glioma compared with normal brain tissue, and increased expression of MXRA8 was associated with unfavorable survivals. Furthermore, in vitro analysis showed that knockdown of MXRA8 inhibited the cell viability in T98G and U251 cells and increased the sensitivity of glioma cells to temozolomide. We further observed that downregulation of MXRA8 elevated the levels of intracellular ferrous iron and lipid peroxidation, accompanied by upregulation of NCOA4 and suppression of FTH1. Moreover, co-expression analyses showed that GO term and KEGG pathways were mainly enriched in immunity-related pathways, such as neutrophil-related immunity, adaptive immune response, and cytokine binding. Through ssGSEA algorithm and TISIDB database, immunological analyses showed that MXRA8 was significantly correlated with various immune infiltration cells including NK cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. Meanwhile, MXRA8 was also associated with chemokines and multiple immunoinhibitory molecules, such as TGF-β1, IL-10, PD-L1, and CTLA4. We also found that MXRA8 was positively associated with immune infiltration score, and patients with higher immune score underwent worse overall survivals. Moreover, IHC staining indicated a highly positive correlation of MXRA8 with a macrophage marker CSF1R. The co-cultured models of glioma cells and M2 macrophages showed MXRA8 knockdown glioma cells alleviated the infiltration of M2 macrophage, while the reduced M2 macrophage infiltration generated by MXRA8 could be rescued by Fer-1 treatment. These results suggest that MXRA8 promotes glioma progression and highlight the pivotal role of MXRA8 in ferroptosis and immune microenvironment of glioma. Therefore, MXRA8 may serve as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for glioma. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-02-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8911537/ /pubmed/35281049 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.834595 Text en Copyright © 2022 Xu, Chen, Song, Yuan and Yan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Xu, Zhijie Chen, Xi Song, Liying Yuan, Fang Yan, Yuanliang Matrix Remodeling-Associated Protein 8 as a Novel Indicator Contributing to Glioma Immune Response by Regulating Ferroptosis |
title | Matrix Remodeling-Associated Protein 8 as a Novel Indicator Contributing to Glioma Immune Response by Regulating Ferroptosis |
title_full | Matrix Remodeling-Associated Protein 8 as a Novel Indicator Contributing to Glioma Immune Response by Regulating Ferroptosis |
title_fullStr | Matrix Remodeling-Associated Protein 8 as a Novel Indicator Contributing to Glioma Immune Response by Regulating Ferroptosis |
title_full_unstemmed | Matrix Remodeling-Associated Protein 8 as a Novel Indicator Contributing to Glioma Immune Response by Regulating Ferroptosis |
title_short | Matrix Remodeling-Associated Protein 8 as a Novel Indicator Contributing to Glioma Immune Response by Regulating Ferroptosis |
title_sort | matrix remodeling-associated protein 8 as a novel indicator contributing to glioma immune response by regulating ferroptosis |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8911537/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35281049 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.834595 |
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