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Malnutrition and Biomarkers: A Journey through Extracellular Vesicles
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as active components in cellular communication, which are easily altered both morphologically and chemically by the cellular environment and metabolic state of the body. Due to this sensitivity to the conditions of the cellular microenvironment, EVs...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8912428/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35267977 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14051002 |
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author | Mendivil-Alvarado, Herminia Sosa-León, Leopoldo Alberto Carvajal-Millan, Elizabeth Astiazaran-Garcia, Humberto |
author_facet | Mendivil-Alvarado, Herminia Sosa-León, Leopoldo Alberto Carvajal-Millan, Elizabeth Astiazaran-Garcia, Humberto |
author_sort | Mendivil-Alvarado, Herminia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as active components in cellular communication, which are easily altered both morphologically and chemically by the cellular environment and metabolic state of the body. Due to this sensitivity to the conditions of the cellular microenvironment, EVs have been found to be associated with disease conditions, including those associated with obesity and undernutrition. The sensitivity that EVs show to changes in the cellular microenvironment could be a reflection of early cellular alterations related to conditions of malnutrition, which could eventually be used in the routine monitoring and control of diseases or complications associated with it. However, little is known about the influence of malnutrition alone; that is, without the influence of additional diseases on the heterogeneity and specific content of EVs. To date, studies in “apparently healthy” obese patients show that there are changes in the size, quantity, and content of EVs, as well as correlations with some metabolic parameters (glucose, insulin, and serum lipids) in comparison with non-obese individuals. In light of these changes, a direct participation of EVs in the development of metabolic and cardiovascular complications in obese subjects is thought to exist. However, the mechanisms through which this process might occur are not yet fully understood. The evidence on EVs in conditions of undernutrition is limited, but it suggests that EVs play a role in the maintenance of homeostasis and muscle repair. A better understanding of how EVs participate in or promote cellular signaling in malnutrition conditions could help in the development of new strategies to treat them and their comorbidities. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8912428 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89124282022-03-11 Malnutrition and Biomarkers: A Journey through Extracellular Vesicles Mendivil-Alvarado, Herminia Sosa-León, Leopoldo Alberto Carvajal-Millan, Elizabeth Astiazaran-Garcia, Humberto Nutrients Review Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as active components in cellular communication, which are easily altered both morphologically and chemically by the cellular environment and metabolic state of the body. Due to this sensitivity to the conditions of the cellular microenvironment, EVs have been found to be associated with disease conditions, including those associated with obesity and undernutrition. The sensitivity that EVs show to changes in the cellular microenvironment could be a reflection of early cellular alterations related to conditions of malnutrition, which could eventually be used in the routine monitoring and control of diseases or complications associated with it. However, little is known about the influence of malnutrition alone; that is, without the influence of additional diseases on the heterogeneity and specific content of EVs. To date, studies in “apparently healthy” obese patients show that there are changes in the size, quantity, and content of EVs, as well as correlations with some metabolic parameters (glucose, insulin, and serum lipids) in comparison with non-obese individuals. In light of these changes, a direct participation of EVs in the development of metabolic and cardiovascular complications in obese subjects is thought to exist. However, the mechanisms through which this process might occur are not yet fully understood. The evidence on EVs in conditions of undernutrition is limited, but it suggests that EVs play a role in the maintenance of homeostasis and muscle repair. A better understanding of how EVs participate in or promote cellular signaling in malnutrition conditions could help in the development of new strategies to treat them and their comorbidities. MDPI 2022-02-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8912428/ /pubmed/35267977 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14051002 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Mendivil-Alvarado, Herminia Sosa-León, Leopoldo Alberto Carvajal-Millan, Elizabeth Astiazaran-Garcia, Humberto Malnutrition and Biomarkers: A Journey through Extracellular Vesicles |
title | Malnutrition and Biomarkers: A Journey through Extracellular Vesicles |
title_full | Malnutrition and Biomarkers: A Journey through Extracellular Vesicles |
title_fullStr | Malnutrition and Biomarkers: A Journey through Extracellular Vesicles |
title_full_unstemmed | Malnutrition and Biomarkers: A Journey through Extracellular Vesicles |
title_short | Malnutrition and Biomarkers: A Journey through Extracellular Vesicles |
title_sort | malnutrition and biomarkers: a journey through extracellular vesicles |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8912428/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35267977 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14051002 |
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