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Food and Nutrient Displacement by Walnut Supplementation in a Randomized Crossover Study

The aim of this article is to evaluate the effect of a daily supplement of walnuts on the overall daily diet and nutrient profile of healthy adults. A randomized controlled trial with crossover design was conducted for two 6-month diet periods in southeast Californian communities. Subjects were rand...

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Autores principales: Natto, Zuhair S., Siapco, Gina, Jaceldo-Siegl, Karen, Haddad, Ella H., Sabaté, Joan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8912605/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35267992
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14051017
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author Natto, Zuhair S.
Siapco, Gina
Jaceldo-Siegl, Karen
Haddad, Ella H.
Sabaté, Joan
author_facet Natto, Zuhair S.
Siapco, Gina
Jaceldo-Siegl, Karen
Haddad, Ella H.
Sabaté, Joan
author_sort Natto, Zuhair S.
collection PubMed
description The aim of this article is to evaluate the effect of a daily supplement of walnuts on the overall daily diet and nutrient profile of healthy adults. A randomized controlled trial with crossover design was conducted for two 6-month diet periods in southeast Californian communities. Subjects were randomized to receive a control diet or a walnut-supplemented diet, then switched. The walnut supplement represented approximately 12% of their daily energy intake. Trained nutritionists collected seven 24 h dietary recalls from each participant (a total of 14 recalls for both periods). Ninety participants were able to complete the study, including 50 females and 40 males. The average age of the participants was 54.3 years. Diets in the walnut period had significantly higher vegetable protein, total fat, total PUFA, PUFA 18:2, PUFA 22:6, and total dietary fiber (p < 0.05), while also exhibiting significantly lower PUFA 20:5. All mineral levels were higher on the walnut-supplemented diet. Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and zinc were, particularly, significantly higher among the walnut-supplemented group (p < 0.05). Displacement occurred in more than one-third of the entire nuts and seeds group; four-fifths of the non-alcoholic beverages and desserts groups; and the majority of the candy, sugar, and sweets group. Walnut supplementation can lead to favorable modifications in nutrient and food intake profiles that may contribute to chronic disease prevention. Nutrient and food displacement may be a mechanism to explain the favourable association between walnut intake and improved diet.
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spelling pubmed-89126052022-03-11 Food and Nutrient Displacement by Walnut Supplementation in a Randomized Crossover Study Natto, Zuhair S. Siapco, Gina Jaceldo-Siegl, Karen Haddad, Ella H. Sabaté, Joan Nutrients Article The aim of this article is to evaluate the effect of a daily supplement of walnuts on the overall daily diet and nutrient profile of healthy adults. A randomized controlled trial with crossover design was conducted for two 6-month diet periods in southeast Californian communities. Subjects were randomized to receive a control diet or a walnut-supplemented diet, then switched. The walnut supplement represented approximately 12% of their daily energy intake. Trained nutritionists collected seven 24 h dietary recalls from each participant (a total of 14 recalls for both periods). Ninety participants were able to complete the study, including 50 females and 40 males. The average age of the participants was 54.3 years. Diets in the walnut period had significantly higher vegetable protein, total fat, total PUFA, PUFA 18:2, PUFA 22:6, and total dietary fiber (p < 0.05), while also exhibiting significantly lower PUFA 20:5. All mineral levels were higher on the walnut-supplemented diet. Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and zinc were, particularly, significantly higher among the walnut-supplemented group (p < 0.05). Displacement occurred in more than one-third of the entire nuts and seeds group; four-fifths of the non-alcoholic beverages and desserts groups; and the majority of the candy, sugar, and sweets group. Walnut supplementation can lead to favorable modifications in nutrient and food intake profiles that may contribute to chronic disease prevention. Nutrient and food displacement may be a mechanism to explain the favourable association between walnut intake and improved diet. MDPI 2022-02-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8912605/ /pubmed/35267992 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14051017 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Natto, Zuhair S.
Siapco, Gina
Jaceldo-Siegl, Karen
Haddad, Ella H.
Sabaté, Joan
Food and Nutrient Displacement by Walnut Supplementation in a Randomized Crossover Study
title Food and Nutrient Displacement by Walnut Supplementation in a Randomized Crossover Study
title_full Food and Nutrient Displacement by Walnut Supplementation in a Randomized Crossover Study
title_fullStr Food and Nutrient Displacement by Walnut Supplementation in a Randomized Crossover Study
title_full_unstemmed Food and Nutrient Displacement by Walnut Supplementation in a Randomized Crossover Study
title_short Food and Nutrient Displacement by Walnut Supplementation in a Randomized Crossover Study
title_sort food and nutrient displacement by walnut supplementation in a randomized crossover study
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8912605/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35267992
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14051017
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