The larvicidal effect of neemazal T/S, clove oil and ginger oil on tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta compared to coragen

The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity and biochemical changes of Tuta absoluta 3(rd) instar larvae affected by neemazal T/S, clove oil and ginger oil. These compounds were evaluated compared to the recommended pesticide, Coragen 20% SC. by means of sublethal concentrations, LC(25) and LC(50) under constant laboratory conditions. Results showed that neemazal T/S is more toxic than detected oils compared with higher toxicity of coragen with LC(50) values of 57.52, 159.94, 633.38 and 930.71 μg mL(−1) for coragen, neemazal, ginger oil and clove oil, respectively. There were highly significant differences between all treatments and untreated larvae. Neemazal possessed the greatest effect on activity level of most physiological parameters than selected oils. Larval content of digestive enzymes was decreased significantly 48 h after all treatments except for lipase, α-esterase and β-esterase (in case of coragen and clove oil). Also, total proteins, total carbohydrates, total lipids and total free amino acids take the same trend. Based on this study, these sublethal doses caused a significantly dose-dependent perturbation in determined components.