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Perturbations in the Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway in Tomato Fruit Reactivate the Leaf-Specific Phytoene Synthase 2

The accumulation of the red carotenoid pigment lycopene in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit is achieved by increased carotenoid synthesis during ripening. The first committed step that determines the flux in the carotenoid pathway is the synthesis of phytoene catalyzed by phytoene synthase (PSY)....

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Autores principales: Karniel, Uri, Adler Berke, Nastacia, Mann, Varda, Hirschberg, Joseph
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8914173/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35283915
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.844748
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author Karniel, Uri
Adler Berke, Nastacia
Mann, Varda
Hirschberg, Joseph
author_facet Karniel, Uri
Adler Berke, Nastacia
Mann, Varda
Hirschberg, Joseph
author_sort Karniel, Uri
collection PubMed
description The accumulation of the red carotenoid pigment lycopene in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit is achieved by increased carotenoid synthesis during ripening. The first committed step that determines the flux in the carotenoid pathway is the synthesis of phytoene catalyzed by phytoene synthase (PSY). Tomato has three PSY genes that are differentially expressed. PSY1 is exclusively expressed in fruits, while PSY2 mostly functions in green tissues. It has been established that PSY1 is mostly responsible for phytoene synthesis in fruits. Although PSY2 is found in the chromoplasts, it is inactive because loss-of-function mutations in PSY1 in the locus yellow flesh (r) eliminate carotenoid biosynthesis in the fruit. Here we demonstrate that specific perturbations of carotenoid biosynthesis downstream to phytoene prior and during the transition from chloroplast to chromoplast cause the recovery of phytoene synthesis in yellow flesh (r) fruits without significant transcriptional changes of PSY1 and PSY2. The recovery of carotenoid biosynthesis was abolished when the expression of PSY2 was silenced, indicating that the perturbations of carotenoid biosynthesis reactivated the chloroplast-specific PSY2 in fruit chromoplasts. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that PSY2 can function in fruit chromoplasts under certain conditions, possibly due to alterations in the plastidial sub-organelle organization that affect its association with the carotenoid biosynthesis metabolon. This finding provides a plausible molecular explanation to the epistasis of the mutation tangerine in the gene carotenoid isomerase over yellow flesh.
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spelling pubmed-89141732022-03-12 Perturbations in the Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway in Tomato Fruit Reactivate the Leaf-Specific Phytoene Synthase 2 Karniel, Uri Adler Berke, Nastacia Mann, Varda Hirschberg, Joseph Front Plant Sci Plant Science The accumulation of the red carotenoid pigment lycopene in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit is achieved by increased carotenoid synthesis during ripening. The first committed step that determines the flux in the carotenoid pathway is the synthesis of phytoene catalyzed by phytoene synthase (PSY). Tomato has three PSY genes that are differentially expressed. PSY1 is exclusively expressed in fruits, while PSY2 mostly functions in green tissues. It has been established that PSY1 is mostly responsible for phytoene synthesis in fruits. Although PSY2 is found in the chromoplasts, it is inactive because loss-of-function mutations in PSY1 in the locus yellow flesh (r) eliminate carotenoid biosynthesis in the fruit. Here we demonstrate that specific perturbations of carotenoid biosynthesis downstream to phytoene prior and during the transition from chloroplast to chromoplast cause the recovery of phytoene synthesis in yellow flesh (r) fruits without significant transcriptional changes of PSY1 and PSY2. The recovery of carotenoid biosynthesis was abolished when the expression of PSY2 was silenced, indicating that the perturbations of carotenoid biosynthesis reactivated the chloroplast-specific PSY2 in fruit chromoplasts. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that PSY2 can function in fruit chromoplasts under certain conditions, possibly due to alterations in the plastidial sub-organelle organization that affect its association with the carotenoid biosynthesis metabolon. This finding provides a plausible molecular explanation to the epistasis of the mutation tangerine in the gene carotenoid isomerase over yellow flesh. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-02-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8914173/ /pubmed/35283915 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.844748 Text en Copyright © 2022 Karniel, Adler Berke, Mann and Hirschberg. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Karniel, Uri
Adler Berke, Nastacia
Mann, Varda
Hirschberg, Joseph
Perturbations in the Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway in Tomato Fruit Reactivate the Leaf-Specific Phytoene Synthase 2
title Perturbations in the Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway in Tomato Fruit Reactivate the Leaf-Specific Phytoene Synthase 2
title_full Perturbations in the Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway in Tomato Fruit Reactivate the Leaf-Specific Phytoene Synthase 2
title_fullStr Perturbations in the Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway in Tomato Fruit Reactivate the Leaf-Specific Phytoene Synthase 2
title_full_unstemmed Perturbations in the Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway in Tomato Fruit Reactivate the Leaf-Specific Phytoene Synthase 2
title_short Perturbations in the Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway in Tomato Fruit Reactivate the Leaf-Specific Phytoene Synthase 2
title_sort perturbations in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in tomato fruit reactivate the leaf-specific phytoene synthase 2
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8914173/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35283915
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.844748
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