Improving the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the management of advanced urothelial carcinoma, where do we stand?

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly improved the outcome of patients with metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC). If these agents were first used in monotherapy after failure of platinum-based chemotherapy, new strategies have been evaluated in the last years, including association of ICIs, ICI plus chemotherapy association or maintenance therapy. This maintenance concept allows a better management of mUC, which is particularly interesting in cisplatin-ineligible patients. This paper aims to review the current knowledge of ICIs in urothelial carcinoma as well as the new indications of these agents in mUC.