Electrochemical sensor based on Ti(3)C(2) membrane doped with UIO-66-NH(2) for dopamine

A Ti(3)C(2) membrane was prepared by doping UIO-66-NH(2) with Ti(3)C(2) through hydrogen bonds. When the doping mass ratio of Ti(3)C(2) and UIO-66-NH(2) was 6:1, the electrochemical performance was optimal. Characterization was done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) which exhibited hierarchical cave-like physiognomy, large specific area, outstanding electronic conductive network, and excellent film-forming property. Moreover, the Ti(3)C(2) film was analyzed via atomic force microscopy (AFM), which displayed good mechanical properties and rough surface morphology. The fabricated Ti(3)C(2) membrane/GCE sensor was applied to the detection of dopamine (working potential of + 0.264 V vs. Ag/AgCl) with LOD of 0.81 fM and a sensitivity of 14.72 µA fM(−1) cm(−2). It was demonstrated that the Ti(3)C(2) membrane can be used to construct nonenzymatic sensors with excellent performance. The fabricated sensor has high selectivity and stability and has good practicability with recoveries of 101.2–103.5% and a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.2–2.4%. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00604-022-05222-8.