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Associations between spanking beliefs and reported spanking among adolescents-parent/caregiver dyads in a Canadian sample
BACKGROUND: Research consistently demonstrates that physical punishment of children including “spanking” is harmful. Interest in effective prevention is growing rapidly. The aim of the current study is to examine spanking beliefs among adolescents and parents in relation to reports of spanking that...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8918334/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35279124 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12856-z |
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author | Afifi, Tracie O. Salmon, Samantha Stewart-Tufescu, Ashley Taillieu, Tamara Fortier, Janique MacMillan, Harriet Durrant, Joan Holden, George W. |
author_facet | Afifi, Tracie O. Salmon, Samantha Stewart-Tufescu, Ashley Taillieu, Tamara Fortier, Janique MacMillan, Harriet Durrant, Joan Holden, George W. |
author_sort | Afifi, Tracie O. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Research consistently demonstrates that physical punishment of children including “spanking” is harmful. Interest in effective prevention is growing rapidly. The aim of the current study is to examine spanking beliefs among adolescents and parents in relation to reports of spanking that the adolescents experienced before 11 years of age. METHODS: Data were drawn from Wave 1 of a study conducted in 2017–2018 that included adolescents (14–17 years old) and one of their parents/caregivers from Manitoba, Canada (n = 1000 pairs). The study objectives were to examine: 1) spanking beliefs of adolescents and their parents; 2) the correlation between parent and adolescent spanking beliefs; 3) whether parents perceive the words “spank” vs. “hit” differently using intraclass correlation; 4) the association between parents’ beliefs about spanking and parent- and adolescent-reported use of it; and 5) the relationship between sociodemographic variables and spanking. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman’s correlation, intraclass correlation, and binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The prevalence of adolescent-reported and parents’-reported spanking were 46.0% and 39.6%, respectively. The proportions agreeing that spanking is a normal part of parenting were similar among adolescents (22.0%) and parents (18.5%), and were moderately correlated (intraclass correlation = 0.38, SE = 0.038). More than five times as many parents believed that “spanking” is necessary (19.5%) than believed that “hitting” is necessary (3.5%). Parents’ positive spanking beliefs were associated with increased likelihood of adolescent- and parent-reported spanking. Few significant associations were found between sociodemographic variables and parent-reported or adolescent-reported spanking. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents’ spanking beliefs are related to their parents’ spanking beliefs, suggesting that they are transmitted across generations. Public education and law reform are needed to decrease the normalization and perceived necessity of spanking in child-rearing. Efforts should include improving the understanding that spanking is a form of violence against children. With only a few significant differences noted between sociodemographic variables and parent- and adolescent- reported spanking and the prevalent use of spanking across all sociodemographic variable categories, it may be useful to develop universal approaches to awareness-raising and implementation of education strategies in Canada. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8918334 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89183342022-03-16 Associations between spanking beliefs and reported spanking among adolescents-parent/caregiver dyads in a Canadian sample Afifi, Tracie O. Salmon, Samantha Stewart-Tufescu, Ashley Taillieu, Tamara Fortier, Janique MacMillan, Harriet Durrant, Joan Holden, George W. BMC Public Health Research BACKGROUND: Research consistently demonstrates that physical punishment of children including “spanking” is harmful. Interest in effective prevention is growing rapidly. The aim of the current study is to examine spanking beliefs among adolescents and parents in relation to reports of spanking that the adolescents experienced before 11 years of age. METHODS: Data were drawn from Wave 1 of a study conducted in 2017–2018 that included adolescents (14–17 years old) and one of their parents/caregivers from Manitoba, Canada (n = 1000 pairs). The study objectives were to examine: 1) spanking beliefs of adolescents and their parents; 2) the correlation between parent and adolescent spanking beliefs; 3) whether parents perceive the words “spank” vs. “hit” differently using intraclass correlation; 4) the association between parents’ beliefs about spanking and parent- and adolescent-reported use of it; and 5) the relationship between sociodemographic variables and spanking. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman’s correlation, intraclass correlation, and binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The prevalence of adolescent-reported and parents’-reported spanking were 46.0% and 39.6%, respectively. The proportions agreeing that spanking is a normal part of parenting were similar among adolescents (22.0%) and parents (18.5%), and were moderately correlated (intraclass correlation = 0.38, SE = 0.038). More than five times as many parents believed that “spanking” is necessary (19.5%) than believed that “hitting” is necessary (3.5%). Parents’ positive spanking beliefs were associated with increased likelihood of adolescent- and parent-reported spanking. Few significant associations were found between sociodemographic variables and parent-reported or adolescent-reported spanking. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents’ spanking beliefs are related to their parents’ spanking beliefs, suggesting that they are transmitted across generations. Public education and law reform are needed to decrease the normalization and perceived necessity of spanking in child-rearing. Efforts should include improving the understanding that spanking is a form of violence against children. With only a few significant differences noted between sociodemographic variables and parent- and adolescent- reported spanking and the prevalent use of spanking across all sociodemographic variable categories, it may be useful to develop universal approaches to awareness-raising and implementation of education strategies in Canada. BioMed Central 2022-03-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8918334/ /pubmed/35279124 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12856-z Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Afifi, Tracie O. Salmon, Samantha Stewart-Tufescu, Ashley Taillieu, Tamara Fortier, Janique MacMillan, Harriet Durrant, Joan Holden, George W. Associations between spanking beliefs and reported spanking among adolescents-parent/caregiver dyads in a Canadian sample |
title | Associations between spanking beliefs and reported spanking among adolescents-parent/caregiver dyads in a Canadian sample |
title_full | Associations between spanking beliefs and reported spanking among adolescents-parent/caregiver dyads in a Canadian sample |
title_fullStr | Associations between spanking beliefs and reported spanking among adolescents-parent/caregiver dyads in a Canadian sample |
title_full_unstemmed | Associations between spanking beliefs and reported spanking among adolescents-parent/caregiver dyads in a Canadian sample |
title_short | Associations between spanking beliefs and reported spanking among adolescents-parent/caregiver dyads in a Canadian sample |
title_sort | associations between spanking beliefs and reported spanking among adolescents-parent/caregiver dyads in a canadian sample |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8918334/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35279124 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12856-z |
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