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Bacterin Vaccination Provides Insufficient Protection Against Streptococcus equi Subspecies zooepidemicus Infection in Pigs
Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (SEZ) is a zoonotic pathogen capable of causing severe disease in many mammalian species. Historically, SEZ has not been a common cause of disease in pigs in North America; however, in 2019, SEZ caused mortality events leading to severe illness and 30–50%...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8918573/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35296061 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.827082 |
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author | Hau, Samantha J. Buckley, Alexandra Brockmeier, Susan L. |
author_facet | Hau, Samantha J. Buckley, Alexandra Brockmeier, Susan L. |
author_sort | Hau, Samantha J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (SEZ) is a zoonotic pathogen capable of causing severe disease in many mammalian species. Historically, SEZ has not been a common cause of disease in pigs in North America; however, in 2019, SEZ caused mortality events leading to severe illness and 30–50% mortality in exposed animal groups. Because of the rapid progression of disease, it is important to investigate intervention strategies to prevent disease development. In this study, pigs were divided into four groups: (1) vaccinated with an inactivated SEZ vaccine generated from a highly mucoid 2019 mortality event isolate; (2) vaccinated with an inactivated SEZ vaccine generated from a genetically similar, non-mucoid isolate from a guinea pig; (3) and (4) sham vaccinated. Following boost vaccination, groups 1–3 were challenged with a 2019 mortality event isolate and group 4 were non-challenged controls. Antibody titers were higher for SEZ vaccinated animals than sham vaccinated animals; however, no anamnestic response was observed, and titers were lower than typically seen following the use of inactivated vaccines. Vaccination did not provide protection from disease development or mortality following challenge, which could be associated with the comparatively low antibody titers generated by vaccination. Surviving pigs also remained colonized and transmitted SEZ to naïve contact pigs 3 weeks following challenge, indicating that healthy animals can act as a source of SEZ exposure. Future investigation should evaluate different vaccine formulations, such as increased antigen load or an alternative adjuvant, that could induce a more robust adaptive immune response. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8918573 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-89185732022-03-15 Bacterin Vaccination Provides Insufficient Protection Against Streptococcus equi Subspecies zooepidemicus Infection in Pigs Hau, Samantha J. Buckley, Alexandra Brockmeier, Susan L. Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (SEZ) is a zoonotic pathogen capable of causing severe disease in many mammalian species. Historically, SEZ has not been a common cause of disease in pigs in North America; however, in 2019, SEZ caused mortality events leading to severe illness and 30–50% mortality in exposed animal groups. Because of the rapid progression of disease, it is important to investigate intervention strategies to prevent disease development. In this study, pigs were divided into four groups: (1) vaccinated with an inactivated SEZ vaccine generated from a highly mucoid 2019 mortality event isolate; (2) vaccinated with an inactivated SEZ vaccine generated from a genetically similar, non-mucoid isolate from a guinea pig; (3) and (4) sham vaccinated. Following boost vaccination, groups 1–3 were challenged with a 2019 mortality event isolate and group 4 were non-challenged controls. Antibody titers were higher for SEZ vaccinated animals than sham vaccinated animals; however, no anamnestic response was observed, and titers were lower than typically seen following the use of inactivated vaccines. Vaccination did not provide protection from disease development or mortality following challenge, which could be associated with the comparatively low antibody titers generated by vaccination. Surviving pigs also remained colonized and transmitted SEZ to naïve contact pigs 3 weeks following challenge, indicating that healthy animals can act as a source of SEZ exposure. Future investigation should evaluate different vaccine formulations, such as increased antigen load or an alternative adjuvant, that could induce a more robust adaptive immune response. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-02-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8918573/ /pubmed/35296061 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.827082 Text en Copyright © 2022 Hau, Buckley and Brockmeier. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Veterinary Science Hau, Samantha J. Buckley, Alexandra Brockmeier, Susan L. Bacterin Vaccination Provides Insufficient Protection Against Streptococcus equi Subspecies zooepidemicus Infection in Pigs |
title | Bacterin Vaccination Provides Insufficient Protection Against Streptococcus equi Subspecies zooepidemicus Infection in Pigs |
title_full | Bacterin Vaccination Provides Insufficient Protection Against Streptococcus equi Subspecies zooepidemicus Infection in Pigs |
title_fullStr | Bacterin Vaccination Provides Insufficient Protection Against Streptococcus equi Subspecies zooepidemicus Infection in Pigs |
title_full_unstemmed | Bacterin Vaccination Provides Insufficient Protection Against Streptococcus equi Subspecies zooepidemicus Infection in Pigs |
title_short | Bacterin Vaccination Provides Insufficient Protection Against Streptococcus equi Subspecies zooepidemicus Infection in Pigs |
title_sort | bacterin vaccination provides insufficient protection against streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus infection in pigs |
topic | Veterinary Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8918573/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35296061 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.827082 |
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