COVID-19 in Neonates with Positive RT–PCR Test. Systematic Review

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is an infectious disease of variable severity caused by a new coronavirus. Clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic cases to severe illness. Most cases in newborns appear to be asymptomatic or mild. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review of the literature on published studies of COVID-19 in newborns with a positive RT–PCR test. METHODS: The PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for infection data in newborns from 1 December 2019–21 May 2021. The mesh terms included “SARS-CoV-2”, “COVID-19”, “novel coronavirus”, “newborns” and “neonates”. The selection criteria were as follows: original studies reporting clinical, radiological, laboratory, and outcome data in newborns with a positive RT–PCR test for SARS-CoV-2. Two independent investigators reviewed the studies. RESULTS: Seventy-two studies that involved 236 newborns were included. The main clinical manifestations were fever (43.2%), respiratory (46.6%), and gastrointestinal (35.2%) symptoms; 60.1% had mild/moderate disease. A total of 52.5% had a chest X-ray; 43.5% were normal, and 24.1% reported consolidation/infiltration images. The most frequent laboratory abnormalities were elevated C reactive protein and elevated procalcitonin and lymphopenia. Mortality was 1.7%. CONCLUSION: Symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection were mild to moderate in most of the newborns. The prognosis was good, and mortality was mainly associated with other comorbidities.